Editing Frequency modulation synthesis (section)

==== Later use of FM and other technologies: Realtime Convolution & Modulation (AFM + Sample) and Formant Shaping Synthesis ====
The [[Yamaha SY99]]<ref name=YamahaSY99>{{cite web |title=Yamaha SY99 spec |url=https://jp.yamaha.com/products/music_production/synthesizers/sy99/specs.html |language=Japanese |website=[[Yamaha Corporation]]}}</ref> and [[Yamaha FS1R|FS1R]]<ref name=SOS1998>{{cite magazine |first1=Debbie |last1=Poyser |first2=Derek |last2=Johnson |date=1998 |title=Yamaha FS1R - FM Synthesis / Formant-shaping Tone Generator |url=https://www.soundonsound.com/reviews/yamaha-fs1r |magazine=[[Sound on Sound]] |issue=December 1998}}</ref> synthesizers marketed their highly powerful FM abilities as counterparts to [[sample-based synthesis]] and [[formant synthesis]] respectively. New hardware synths specifically marketed for their FM capabilities disappeared from the market after the release of FS1R in 1999, {{Citation needed span|however, well-developed FM synthesis options are a feature of [[Nord Lead]] synths manufactured by Clavia, the [[Alesis Fusion]] range, the [[Korg Oasys]] and [[Korg Kronos|Kronos]] and the Modor NF-1. Various other synthesizers offer limited FM abilities to supplement their main engines.|date=July 2019}}

The FS1R had 16 operators, 8 standard FM operators and 8 additional operators that used a noise source rather than an oscillator as its sound source. By adding in tuneable noise sources the FS1R could model the sounds produced in the human voice and in a wind instrument, along with making percussion instrument sounds. The FS1R also contained an additional wave form called the Formant wave form. Formants can be used to model resonating body instrument sounds like the cello, violin, acoustic guitar, bassoon, English horn, or human voice. Formants can even be found in the harmonic spectrum of several brass instruments.<ref name="zollinger2016" />