Editing French fries (section)

=== United Kingdom ===
[[File: Fish and chips blackpool.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Fish and chips]]]]
The standard deep-fried cut potatoes in the United Kingdom are called chips, and are cut into pieces between {{convert|10|and|15|mm|in|abbr=on}} thick. They are occasionally made from unpeeled potatoes (skins showing). British ''chips'' are not the same thing as [[potato chip]]s (an American term); those are called "crisps" in the UK and some other countries. In the UK, chips are part of the popular, and now international, [[fast food]] dish [[fish and chips]]. In the UK, the name chips are a separate item to french fries; with chips being more thickly cut than french fries, they can be cooked once or multiple times at different temperatures.<ref>Alan Davidson, ''The Oxford Companion to Food'', p. 180, Oxford University Press, 2014 {{ISBN|0199677336}}.</ref><ref>Brian Yarvin, ''The Ploughman's Lunch and the Miser's Feast'', p. 83, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2012 {{ISBN|1558324135}}.</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Mcalpine|first1=Fraser|title=Fries or chips? What is the Difference Between French Fries and British Chips?|url=https://www.bbcamerica.com/anglophenia/2015/07/what-is-the-difference-between-french-fries-and-british-chips|access-date=16 July 2020|website=BBC America|archive-date=12 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112000500/https://www.bbcamerica.com/anglophenia/2015/07/what-is-the-difference-between-french-fries-and-british-chips|url-status=live}}</ref> From 1813 on, recipes for deep-fried cut potatoes occur in popular cookbooks.<ref name="ude1">Ude, Louis (1822) [[iarchive:frenchcook01udegoog|''The French Cook'']]. J. Ebers</ref> By the late 1850s, at least one cookbook refers to "French Fried Potatoes".<ref name="warren1">{{cite book|last=Warren|first=Eliza|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AkMCAAAAQAAJ&q=%22french+fried+potatoes%22|title=The Economical Cookery Book for Housewives, Cooks, and Maids-Of-All-Work, With Hints to the Mistress and Servant|date=c. 1859|publisher=Piper, Stephenson, and Spence|location=London|page=88|oclc=27869877|quote=French Fried Potatoes}}</ref>

The first commercially available chips in the UK were sold by Mrs 'Granny' Duce in one of the [[West Riding of Yorkshire|West Riding]] towns in 1854.<ref>Chaloner, W. H.; Henderson, W. O. (1990). ''Industry and Innovation: Selected Essays''. Taylor & Francis {{ISBN|0714633356}}.</ref> A [[blue plaque]] in [[Oldham]] marks the origin of the [[Fish and chips#United Kingdom|fish-and-chip]] shop, and thus the start of the fast food industry in Britain.<ref>{{cite web|title=Blue Plaques|url=https://www.oldham.gov.uk/info/200276/local_history/1861/blue_plaques|access-date=9 May 2021|website=Oldham.gov.uk|language=en|quote=John Lees – originator of fish and chips. Market Hall, Albion Street, Oldham.}}</ref> In Scotland, chips were first sold in [[Dundee]]: "in the 1870s, that glory of British gastronomy – the chip – was first sold by Belgian immigrant Edward De Gernier in the city's Greenmarket".<ref name="dundee1">{{cite web|title=Dundee Fact File|url=http://www.dundeecity.gov.uk/departments/fact.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070408055244/http://www.dundeecity.gov.uk/departments/fact.htm|archive-date=8 April 2007|access-date=20 March 2007|publisher=Dundee City Council}}</ref> In Ireland the first chip shop was "opened by Giuseppe Cervi", an Italian immigrant, "who arrived there in the 1880s".<ref>{{Cite web|date=14 March 2017|title=A postcard, Giuseppe Cervi and the story of the Dublin chipper.|url=https://comeheretome.com/2017/03/14/a-postcard-giuseppe-cervi-and-the-story-of-the-dublin-chipper/|access-date=15 March 2017|website=Come Here To Me!|archive-date=1 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190601193822/https://comeheretome.com/2017/03/14/a-postcard-giuseppe-cervi-and-the-story-of-the-dublin-chipper/|url-status=live}}</ref> It was estimated in 2011 that in the UK, 80% of households bought frozen chips each year.<ref>{{cite web|title=Top Chip Facts|url=http://www.lovechips.co.uk/chip-facts/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110211034642/http://www.lovechips.co.uk/chip-facts/|archive-date=11 February 2011|access-date=11 February 2011}}. Lovechips.co.uk. 27 February 2011</ref> Although chips were a popular dish in most [[Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth countries]], the "thin style" french fries have been popularised worldwide in large part by the large American fast food chains such as McDonald's and [[Burger King]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Popularization|date=21 April 2011 |url=https://www.today.com/food/how-time-fries-have-potatoes-outlived-their-potential-1C9005243|access-date=3 January 2018|publisher=today.com|archive-date=30 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030090642/https://www.today.com/food/how-time-fries-have-potatoes-outlived-their-potential-1C9005243|url-status=live}}</ref>