Editing Foreign relations of China (section)

== International treaties and organizations ==
{{main|China and the United Nations}}

=== International treaties ===
China has signed numerous international conventions and treaties.<ref name="ciaworldfactbook">[https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/china/ China], ''[[The World Factbook]]''</ref>

Treaties signed on behalf of [[Republic of China (1912–1949)|China before 1949]] are applicable only to the Republic of China on Taiwan. Conventions signed by Beijing include: Assistance in Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency Convention; [[Biological Weapons Convention]]; [[Chemical Weapons Convention]]; Conventional Weapons Convention; [[Convention on Early Notification of a Nuclear Accident]]; Inhumane Weapons Convention; Nuclear Dumping Convention (London Convention); [[Convention on Nuclear Safety|Nuclear Safety Convention]]; [[Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material]]; Rights of the Child and on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution, and Child Pornography Convention (signed Optional Protocol); and Status of Refugees Convention (and the 1967 Protocol).<ref>{{Cite web|title=View the ratification status by country or by treaty|url=https://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/15/TreatyBodyExternal/Treaty.aspx?CountryID=36&Lang=EN|access-date=15 February 2024|website=tbinternet.ohchr.org}}</ref>

China also is a party to the following international environmental conventions: [[Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty|Antarctic-Environmental Protocol]], Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-[[Kyoto Protocol]], [[Desertification]], Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, and Whaling.<ref>{{Cite web|title=China and International Environmental Law|url=https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/wjb_663304/zzjg_663340/tyfls_665260/tyfl_665264/2626_665266/2629_665272/|access-date=5 May 2021|website=fmprc.gov.cn}}</ref>

; Membership in international organizations<ref name="ciaworldfactbook" />

China holds a permanent seat and veto power on the [[United Nations Security Council]]. Prior to 1971, the [[Republic of China]] based on the island of Taiwan held China's UN seat. On 25 October 1971, the People's Republic of China took control of the seat with the passing of [[United Nations General Assembly Resolution 2758|UN General Assembly Resolution 2758]] by a vote of 76 to 35 with 17 abstentions, with support coming from several [[NATO]] countries, the [[Soviet Union]], and [[India]], and a notable opponent being the [[United States]].<ref>{{cite web|year=1974|title=General Assembly, 26th session: 1976th plenary meeting, Monday, 25 October 1971, New York (A/PV.1976)|url=https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/735611?ln=en|publisher=United Nations Digital Library|page=41}}</ref>

China plays a leadership role in the [[Shanghai Cooperation Organisation|Shanghai Cooperation Organization]], a multilateral security group which aims to reduce the "three evils" of terrorism, separatism, and extremism.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Zhao|first=Suisheng|title=The dragon roars back: transformational leaders and dynamics of Chinese foreign policy|date=2023|publisher=[[Stanford University Press]]|isbn=978-1-5036-3088-8|location=Stanford, California|pages=70–71|oclc=1331741429}}</ref>

China was active in the [[Six-party talks]] in an effort to end North Korea's nuclear program in the early 2000s.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Zhao|first=Suisheng|title=The dragon roars back: transformational leaders and dynamics of Chinese foreign policy|date=2023|publisher=[[Stanford University Press]]|isbn=978-1-5036-3088-8|location=Stanford, California|page=71|oclc=1331741429}}</ref> China hoped to play a lead role in developing the Six-Party Talks into a lasting multilateral security mechanism for northeast Asia, but ultimately the talks failed.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Zhao|first=Suisheng|title=The dragon roars back: transformational leaders and dynamics of Chinese foreign policy|date=2023|publisher=[[Stanford University Press]]|isbn=978-1-5036-3088-8|location=Stanford, California|page=75|oclc=1331741429}}</ref> China's efforts in the unsuccessful tasks nonetheless raised its international standing.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Zhao|first=Suisheng|title=The dragon roars back: transformational leaders and dynamics of Chinese foreign policy|date=2023|publisher=[[Stanford University Press]]|isbn=978-1-5036-3088-8|location=Stanford, California|pages=73–74|oclc=1331741429}}</ref>

As of at least 2024, China has positive relationships with the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund.<ref name=":Curtis&Klaus">{{Cite book|last1=Curtis|first1=Simon|title=The Belt and Road City: Geopolitics, Urbanization, and China's Search for a New International Order|last2=Klaus|first2=Ian|publisher=[[Yale University Press]]|isbn=9780300266900|location=New Haven and London|publication-date=2024|doi=10.2307/jj.11589102|jstor=jj.11589102}}</ref>{{Rp|page=166}}

; Membership in UN system organizations
{|
|-
| valign="top" |
* [[United Nations General Assembly|UN General Assembly]] and Security Council
* [[Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations|Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN]]
* [[United Nations Conference on Trade and Development|UN Conference on Trade and Development]]
* [[UNESCO|UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization]]
* [[United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees|UN High Commissioner for Refugees]]
| valign="top" |
* [[United Nations Industrial Development Organization|UN Industrial Development Organization]]
* [[United Nations Institute for Training and Research|UN Institute for Training and Research]]
* [[United Nations Monitoring, Verification and Inspection Commission|UN Monitoring, Verification, and Inspection Commission]]
* [[United Nations Truce Supervision Organization|UN Truce Supervision Organization]]
|}

[[File:BRICS heads of state and government hold hands ahead of the 2014 G-20 summit in Brisbane, Australia (Agencia Brasil).jpg|thumb|240px|[[BRICS]] leaders at the [[2014 G20 Brisbane summit|G-20 summit]] in [[Brisbane]], Australia, 15 November 2014]]

; Other memberships
{|
|-
| valign="top" |
* [[African Development Bank]]
* [[Arctic Council]] (observer)<ref name=":Curtis&Klaus" />{{Rp|page=168}}
* [[Asian Development Bank]]
* [[Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation]]
* [[Association of Caribbean States]] (observer)
* [[Association of Southeast Asian Nations]] (dialogue partner)
* [[Member states of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations#ASEAN Regional Forum|Association of Southeast Asian Nations Regional Forum]]
* [[Bank for International Settlements]]
* [[Caribbean Development Bank]]
* [[Commission on Science and Technology for Sustainable Development in the South]]
* [[Conference on Interaction and Confidence-Building Measures in Asia]]<ref name=":Curtis&Klaus" />{{Rp|page=168}}
* [[Forum Macao]]<ref name="Shinn-2023" />{{Rp|page=63}}
* [[Group of 20]]
* [[Group of 77]]
* [[Indian Ocean Rim Association]] (dialogue partner)
* [[International Atomic Energy Agency]]
* [[International Bank for Reconstruction and Development]]
* [[International Chamber of Commerce]]
* [[International Civil Aviation Organization]]
* [[Interpol|International Criminal Police Organization]]
* [[International Development Association]]
* [[International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies]]
* [[International Finance Corporation]]
* [[International Fund for Agricultural Development]]
* [[International Hydrographic Organization]]
* [[International Labour Organization]]
| valign="top" |
* [[International Maritime Organization]]
* [[International Monetary Fund]]
* [[International Olympic Committee]]
* [[International Organization for Migration]] (observer)
* [[International Organization for Standardization]]
*[[International Potato Center]]<ref>{{cite web|date=8 November 2017|title=CIP Signs Historic Agreement with China|url=https://cipotato.org/blog/cip-signs-supplementary-agreement-china/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190114210707/https://cipotato.org/blog/cip-signs-supplementary-agreement-china/|archive-date=14 January 2019|access-date=14 January 2019|publisher=International Potato Center}}</ref>
* [[International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement]]
* [[International Telecommunication Union]]
* [[Latin American Integration Association]] (observer)
* [[Like-Minded Megadiverse Countries]]<ref name=":4">{{Cite book|last=Cheng|first=Wenting|title=China in Global Governance of Intellectual Property: Implications for Global Distributive Justice|publisher=[[Palgrave Macmillan]]|year=2023|isbn=978-3-031-24369-1|series=Palgrave Socio-Legal Studies series}}</ref>{{Rp|page=83}}
* [[Non-Aligned Movement]] (observer)<ref name="Shinn-2023" />{{Rp|page=80}}
* [[Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons]]
* [[Permanent Court of Arbitration]]
* [[Shanghai Cooperation Organisation]]
* [[South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation]] (SAARC) (observer)
* [[Universal Postal Union]]
* [[World Customs Organization]]
* [[World Health Organization]]
* [[World Intellectual Property Organization]]
* [[World Meteorological Organization]]
* [[World Tourism Organization]]
* [[World Trade Organization]]
* [[Zangger Committee]]
|}