Editing Figure skating (section)

===Turns, steps, moves===
Along with other forms of [[Ice skating|skating]], figure skating is one of the only [[Human-powered transport|human powered]] activities where travelling backwards is integral to the discipline. The ability to skate well backwards and forwards are considered to be equally important, as is the ability to transition well between the two.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.iceskating.org.uk/learn-to-skate|title=Learn how to Ice Skate – Skate UK – Basic Skills Programme|website=iceskating.org.uk|access-date=April 28, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122152607/https://www.iceskating.org.uk/learn-to-skate|archive-date=January 22, 2021|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://learntoskateusa.com/|title=Home – Learn to Skate USA|last=USA|first=Learn To Skate|website=learntoskateusa.com|language=en|access-date=July 7, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190707225326/https://learntoskateusa.com/|archive-date=July 7, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>

Step sequences are a required element in all four Olympic disciplines. The pattern can be straight line, circular, or serpentine. The step sequence consists of a combination of turns, steps, hops and edge changes. Additionally, steps and turns can be used as transitions between elements. The various turns, which skaters can incorporate into step sequences, include:
<gallery>
File:Threeturn.GIF|[[3 turn|Three-turn]]: the blade turns into the curve of the edge or lobe.
File:Bracket.GIF|[[Bracket turn]]: the blade is turned counter to the curve of the lobe.
File:Mohawk-trace.png|[[Mohawk turn|Mohawk]]: the two-foot equivalent
</gallery><gallery>
File:Rocker turn.gif|[[Rocker turn|Rocker]]: one-foot turn involving a change of lobe as well as direction
File:Counter.GIF|[[Counter turn|Counter]]: one-foot turn involving a change of lobe as well as direction
File:2011 WFSC 2d 259 Siobhan Heekin-Canedy Alexander Shakalov.JPG|[[Twizzle]]s: traveling multi-rotation turns on one foot
</gallery>

[[Choctaw turn|Choctaw]]s are the two-foot equivalents of rockers and counters. Other movements that may be incorporated into step sequences or used as connecting elements include lunges and [[spread eagle (figure skating)|spread eagles]]. An [[Ina Bauer (element)|Ina Bauer]] is similar to a spread eagle performed with one knee bent and typically an arched back. [[Hydroblading]] refers to a deep edge performed with the body as low as possible to the ice in a near-horizontal position.

[[Moves in the field]] is a pre-determined required sequence that demonstrated basic skating skills and edge control. In the context of a competitive program, they include sequences that may include [[spiral (figure skating)|spirals]], [[spread eagle (figure skating)|spread eagles]], [[Ina Bauer (element)|Ina Bauers]], [[hydroblading]], and similar extended edge moves, along with loops, twizzles, and different kinds of turns.

A spiral is an element in which the skater moves across the ice on a specific edge with the free leg held at hip level or above. Spirals are distinguished by the edge of the blade used (inside or outside), the direction of motion (forward or backward), and the skater's position. A spiral sequence is one or more spiral positions and edges done in sequence. Judges look at the depth, stability, and control of the skating edge, speed and ice coverage, extension, and other factors. Some skaters can change edges during a spiral, i.e. from inside to outside edge. Spirals performed on a "flat" are generally not considered as true spirals. Spiral sequences were required in women's and pair skating prior to the 2012–13 season,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jsfresults.com/data/fs/pdfs/comm/comm1672e.pdf|title=Communication No. 1672 – Single & Pair Skating – Amendments to the Scale of Values, Guidelines for marking Grade of Execution and Levels of Difficulty, season 2011–2012|date=May 5, 2011|publisher=[[International Skating Union|ISU]]|access-date=November 26, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501131522/http://www.jsfresults.com/data/fs/pdfs/comm/comm1672e.pdf|archive-date=May 1, 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> but from the [[2012–13 figure skating season|2012–13 season]] onward, they were replaced by the choreographic sequence. The choreographic sequence consists of moves in the field, unlisted jumps, spinning movements, etc. and is required for the men's, women's and pair free program.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.usfigureskating.org/content/TN%20103%20Singles%20Choreographic%20Sequence%206%2021%2012.pdf|title=Technical Notification 103|date=June 21, 2012|website=usfigureskating.org|access-date=November 26, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121030175053/http://www.usfigureskating.org/content/TN%20103%20Singles%20Choreographic%20Sequence%206%2021%2012.pdf|archive-date=October 30, 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.isu.org/inside-single-pair-skating-ice-dance/isu-judging-system-fs/isu-handbooks-faq-sandp-skating-2/17594-tp-handbook-singles-2018-19/file|title=ISU Judging System − Technical Panel Handbook − Single Skating − 2018/2019|page=5|date=July 19, 2018|website=ISU.org|access-date=November 26, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180725203739/https://www.isu.org/inside-single-pair-skating-ice-dance/isu-judging-system-fs/isu-handbooks-faq-sandp-skating-2/17594-tp-handbook-singles-2018-19/file|archive-date=July 25, 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.isu.org/inside-single-pair-skating-ice-dance/isu-judging-system-fs/isu-handbooks-faq-sandp-skating-2/17595-tp-handbook-pair-skating-2018-19/file|title=ISU Judging System − Technical Panel Handbook − Pair Skating − 2018/2019|page=5|date=July 19, 2018|website=ISU.org|access-date=November 26, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180725203752/https://www.isu.org/inside-single-pair-skating-ice-dance/isu-judging-system-fs/isu-handbooks-faq-sandp-skating-2/17595-tp-handbook-pair-skating-2018-19/file|archive-date=July 25, 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>

A [[Death spiral (figure skating)|death spiral]] is a required element of pair skating. There are four varieties distinguished by the lady's edge and direction of motion. The man performs a [[Glossary of figure skating terms#P|pivot]], one toe anchored in the ice, while holding the hand of his partner, who circles him on a deep edge with her body almost parallel to the ice. As of 2011, the woman's head must at some time reach her skating knee. The man must also be in a full pivot position and the death spiral must be held for a minimum amount of rotation, depending on the level.
<gallery>
File:Jenni Vahamaa 2008 Junior Worlds.jpg|A basic outside edge spiral position with the free leg held unsupported behind the body
File:Maria Mukhortova & Maxim Trankov - 2006 Skate America.jpg|A pair outside edge spiral in a catch-foot position
File:McLaughlin Brubaker Death Spiral.jpg|Back inside death spiral
File:Kristina Gorshkova & Vitali Butikov 2005 Croatia Cup.jpg|Parallel mirror spread eagles with the man on an inside edge and the woman on an outside edge
File:Tugba Karademir Ina Bauer - 2006 Skate Canada.jpg|Ina Bauer
2010 Canadian Championships Dance - Kharis Ralph - Asher Hill - 2024a.jpg|Canadian Championships Dance
File:2011 WFSC 4d 002 Kim Lucine.JPG|Hydroblading
File:2012 Rostelecom Cup 02d 800 Tessa VIRTUE Scott MOIR.JPG|Male ice dancer in Besti squat while lifting his partner
File:2019 Skate Canada International - Yuzuru Hanyu SP.jpg|Spread eagle
</gallery>