Editing Federal Housing Administration (section)

===Redlining===
{{Main|Redlining}}

The Federal Housing Administration (FHA) implemented [[mortgage underwriting]] standards that had a discriminatory impact on minority neighborhoods. This discriminatory practice is evident in the fact that between 1945 and 1959, African Americans received less than 2 percent of all federally insured home loans.<ref name="Hanlon">{{cite book |last1=Hanlon |first1=Bernadette |last2=Short |first2=John Rennie |editor1-last=Anacker |editor1-first=Katrin B. |editor2-last=Nguyen |editor2-first=Mai Thi |editor3-last=Varady |editor3-first=David P. |display-editors=1 |title=The Routledge Handbook of Housing Policy and Planning |date=2020 |publisher=Routledge |location=New York |isbn=978-1-1381-8843-3 |chapter=Housing Policy and the Suburban Metropolis: A Focus on the United States and France}}</ref><ref name="Hanchett">{{cite book |last=Hanchett |first=Thomas W. |chapter=The Other 'Subsidized Housing': Federal Aid to Suburbanization 1940s-1960s |editor1-first=John F. |editor1-last=Bauman |editor2-first=Roger |editor2-last=Biles |editor3-first=Kristin M. |editor3-last=Szylvian |display-editors=1 |title=From Tenements to the Taylor Homes: In Search of an Urban Housing Policy in Twentieth Century America |publisher=Pennsylvania State University Press |year=2000 |pages=163–179 |isbn=0-2710-2012-1}}{{page range too broad|date=May 2021}}</ref> As subsidized mortgage insurance became increasingly significant in the housing market, property values in minority neighborhoods within inner cities experienced a sharp decline. Additionally, approval rates for mortgage loans among minority applicants remained exceedingly low. Beginning in 1935, the FHA instituted guidelines designed to discourage private mortgage investors from extending loans to properties in minority areas. This practice, known as [[redlining]], was made illegal by the [[Fair Housing Act|Fair Housing Act of 1968]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.louisianaweekly.com/housing-discrimination-underpins-the-staggering-wealth-gap-between-blacks-and-whites/ |title= Housing discrimination underpins the staggering wealth gap between Blacks and whites |date=April 15, 2019 |website=www.louisianaweekly.com|access-date=January 19, 2021}}</ref> Redlining has had long-lasting effects on minority communities.<ref>{{cite web|first=Amy|last=Hillier|url=http://cml.upenn.edu/redlining/intro.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070303103013/http://cml.upenn.edu/redlining/intro.html|title=Redlining in Philadelphia|archive-date=March 3, 2007|website=Cartographic Modeling Laboratory|publisher=[[University of Pennsylvania]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/features/archive/2014/05/the-case-for-reparations/361631/|title=The Case for Reparations|first=Ta-Nehisi|last=Coates|magazine=[[The Atlantic]]|date=June 2014}}</ref> The legacy of redlining continues to exert its influence today in certain regions of the United States. Redlining has had a detrimental impact on the contemporary [[wealth gap]] between African Americans and White Americans.<ref name=":0">{{cite web |date=April 15, 2019 |title=Housing discrimination underpins the staggering wealth gap between Blacks and whites |url=http://www.louisianaweekly.com/housing-discrimination-underpins-the-staggering-wealth-gap-between-blacks-and-whites/ |access-date=January 19, 2021 |website=www.louisianaweekly.com}}</ref>