Editing Eos (section)

=== Goddess of the dawn ===
[[File:A terracotta lekanis dish depicting dawn eos on chariot with four horses eros a woman and a swan late 4th century metropolitan museum of art cropped detail eos.jpg|upright=1.3|thumb|Eos in her four horse-drawn chariot, [[terracotta]] [[red-figure]] lekanis vase, late 300s BC, [[Canosa di Puglia|Canosa]], [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]].]]

Each morning, the dawn goddess Eos gets up and opens the gates for her brother, Helios, to pass through and rise, ushering in the new day. Although often her job seems to be done once she announces Helios' coming, in the [[Homeric epic]]s she accompanies him throughout the whole day, and does not leave him until the sunset; hence "Eos" might be used in texts where one would have expected to see "Helios" instead.<ref name=":smith"/> In [[Musaeus Grammaticus|Musaeus]]'s rendition of the story of [[Hero and Leander]] in the sixth century AD, Eos is mentioned during both sunrise and sunset.<ref>[[Musaeus Grammaticus|Musaeus]], ''[[Hero and Leander]]'' 4; 110</ref>

==== Homer and Hesiod ====
From the ''[[Iliad]]'':

<blockquote>Now when Dawn in robe of saffron was hastening from the streams of [[Oceanus]], to bring light to mortals and immortals, [[Thetis]] reached the ships with the armor that the god had given her.<ref>[[Homer]], ''[[Iliad]]'' xix.1</ref>

...

But soon as early Dawn appeared, the [[Rose (color)|rosy]]-fingered, then gathered the folk about the [[pyre]] of glorious [[Hector]].<ref>[[Homer]], ''[[Iliad]]'' xxiv.776</ref></blockquote>

[[File:Francesco Solimena - Aurora Taking Leave of Tithonus - 84.PA.65 - J. Paul Getty Museum.jpg|thumb|''Aurora Taking Leave of Tithonus'' by [[Francesco Solimena]], [[oil on canvas]], 1704, [[J. Paul Getty Museum]].]]

She is most often associated with her Homeric [[epithet]] "rosy-fingered" '''Eos Rhododactylos''' ({{langx|grc|{{lang|grc|Ἠὼς Ῥοδοδάκτυλος}}}}), but Homer also calls her '''Eos Erigeneia''':

<blockquote>That brightest of stars appeared, [[Eosphorus|Eosphoros]], that most often heralds the light of early-rising Dawn (Eos Erigeneia).<ref>[[Homer]], ''[[Odyssey]]'' xiii.93</ref></blockquote>

Near the end of the ''[[Odyssey]]'', [[Athena]], wanting to buy [[Odysseus]] some time with his wife [[Penelope]] after they have reunited with each other, orders Eos not to yoke her two horses, thus delaying the coming of the new day:

<blockquote>And rose-fingered Dawn would have shone for the weepers had not bright-eyed goddess Athena thought of other things. She checked the long night in its passage, and further, held golden-throned Dawn over Ocean and didn't let her yoke her swift-footed horses, that bring daylight to men, Lampus and Phaethon, the colts that carry Dawn.<ref>[[Homer]], ''[[Odyssey]]'' [https://topostext.org/work/3#OD.23.240 13.241&ndash;246]</ref></blockquote>

In the ''[[Theogony]]'', [[Hesiod]] wrote "[a]nd after these Erigeneia ["Early-born"] bore the star [[Eosphoros]] ("Dawn-bringer"), and the gleaming stars with which heaven is crowned".<ref>[[Hesiod]], ''[[Theogony]]'' [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text.jsp?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0130%3Acard%3D371 378&ndash;382]</ref> Thus Eos is preceded by the [[Phosphorus (morning star)|Morning Star]], and is thus seen as the genetrix of all the stars and planets; her tears are considered to have created the morning dew, [[Personification|personified]] as [[Ersa]] or [[Herse]],<ref>[[Ovid]], ''[[Metamorphoses]]'' 13.621&ndash;2</ref> who is otherwise the daughter of her sister Selene by Zeus.<ref>Hard, [https://books.google.com/books?id=r1Y3xZWVlnIC&pg=PA46 p. 46]; Keightley, [https://books.google.com/books?id=YhsYAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA55 p. 55]; [[Alcman]] [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/alcman-fragments/1988/pb_LCL143.435.xml fr. 57 Campbell].</ref>

==== Orphic literature ====
[[File:Eos utgjutande morgondaggen, Nordisk familjebok.png|thumb|Eos pouring the morning dew dressed in a starsprinkled robe, from an antique vase]]

Eos is addressed by the singer in one of the ''[[Orphic Hymns]]'', as the bringer of the new day:

{{Blockquote|
Hear, O goddess, you bring the light of day to mortals<br>
resplendent Dawn, you blush throughout the world<br>
messenger of the great, the illustrious [[Helios|Titan]].
|title=''[[Orphic Hymn]] 78 to the Dawn''.<ref>''[[Orphism (religion)|Orphic Hymn]] 78 to the Dawn'' 1&ndash;3, (Athanassakis & Wolkow, [https://books.google.com/books?id=TTo3r8IHy0wC&pg=PA61 p. 61]).</ref>}}

The position of the hymn in the collection at number 78 is odd, far from the Hymns to the Night (3), the Sun (8) and the Moon (9), where it would be expected to be grouped.<ref name=":181">Athanassakis and Wolkow, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=iaEIvzlc41QC&pg=RA1-PA181 181]</ref> While many of the ''Orphic Hymns'' describe the divinities in terms on light, the hymn to Eos is the only one that calls upon the divinity to provide light to the initiates.<ref name=":181"/>

==== Divine horses ====
Eos's team of horses pull her [[Biga (chariot)|chariot]] across the sky and are named in the ''[[Odyssey]]'' as "Firebright" and "Daybright". [[Quintus Smyrnaeus|Quintus]] described her exulting in her heart over the radiant horses ([[Lampus]] and [[Phaethon (horse)|Phaëton]]) that drew her chariot, amidst the bright-haired [[Horae]], the feminine Hours, the daughters of [[Zeus]] and [[Themis]] who are responsible for the changing of the seasons, climbing the arc of heaven and scattering sparks of fire.<ref>[[Quintus Smyrnaeus]], ''[[Posthomerica]]'' [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:2008.01.0490 1.48]</ref>