Editing Engineer (section)

=== Europe ===
[[File:Brunel.jpg|thumb|right|upright|19th-century engineer [[Isambard Kingdom Brunel]] by the launching chains of the [[SS Great Eastern|SS ''Great Eastern'']]]]

{{as of|2022}}, thirty two countries in Europe (including nearly all 27 countries of the EU) now recognise the title of "European Engineer" which permits the use of the pre-nominal title of [[European Engineer|"EUR ING"]] (always fully capitalised). Each country sets its own precise qualification requirement for the use of the title (though they are all broadly equivalent). Holding the requisite qualification does not afford automatic entitlement. The title has to be applied for (and the appropriate fee paid). The holder is entitled to use the title in their passport. EUR INGs are allowed to describe themselves as [[professional certification|professionally qualified]] engineers and practise as such in any of the 32 participating countries including those where the title of engineer is regulated by law.{{citation needed|date=June 2020}}

==== France ====
[[File:Gustave Eiffel 1910.jpg|thumb|right|upright|[[Gustave Eiffel]] was a French civil engineer]]
In France, the term {{lang|fr|ingénieur}} (engineer) is not a protected title and can be used by anyone who practices this profession.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pourrat |first=Yvonne |date=2011-04-01 |title=Perception of French students in engineering about the ethics of their profession and implications for engineering education |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/252002766 |access-date=19 February 2019 |website=ResearchGate |language=en}}</ref>

However, the title {{lang|fr|ingénieur diplomé}} (graduate engineer) is an official academic title that is protected by the government and is associated with the ''[[Diplôme d'Ingénieur]]'', which is a renowned academic degree in France. Anyone misusing this title in France can be fined a large sum and jailed, as it is usually reserved for graduates of French engineering ''[[grandes écoles]]''. Engineering schools which were created during the French revolution have a special reputation among the French people, as they helped to make the transition from a mostly agricultural country of late 18th century to the industrially developed France of the 19th century. A great part of 19th-century France's economic wealth and industrial prowess was created by engineers that have graduated from [[École Centrale Paris]], [[Mines Paris - PSL|École des Mines de Paris]], [[École polytechnique]] or [[Télécom Paris]]. This was also the case after WWII when France had to be rebuilt. Before the "réforme [[René Haby]]" in the 1970s, it was very difficult to be admitted to such schools, and the French {{lang|fr|ingénieurs}} were commonly perceived as the nation's élite. However, after the Haby reform and a series of further reforms ([[Modernization plans of French universities]]), several engineering schools were created which can be accessed with relatively lower competition.

Engineering positions in France are now shared between the {{lang|fr|ingénieurs diplomés}} graduating from engineering {{lang|fr|grandes écoles}} and the holders of a [[master's degree]] in science from [[List of public universities in France|public universities]].

==== Italy ====
[[File:Umberto_Nobile_1.jpg|thumb|right|[[Umberto Nobile]] was an [[aeronautical engineer]] and Arctic explorer]]
In Italy, only people who hold a formal engineering qualification of at least a bachelor's degree are permitted to describe themselves as an engineer.  So much so that people holding such qualifications are entitled to use the pre-nominal title of "{{lang|it|Ingegnere}}" (or "{{lang|it|Ingegnera}}" if female - in both cases often abbreviated to "Ing.") in lieu of "Signore", "Signorina" or "Signora" (Mr, Miss and Mrs respectively) in the same manner as someone holding a doctorate would use the pre-nominal title "Doctor".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Streppa |first=Eliana |date=2017-08-16 |title=Una top 19 di Ingegneri nella storia |url=https://sciencecue.it/top-19-ingegneri-nella-storia/11994/ |access-date=2025-05-17 |website=ScienceCuE |at=8. [[Emma Strada]], la prima donna in Italia laureata in Ingegneria |language=it-IT}}</ref>

==== United Kingdom ====
In the UK, the practice of engineering is not a regulated profession but control of the titles of [[Chartered Engineer (UK)|chartered engineer (CEng)]] and [[Engineering technologist#United Kingdom|incorporated engineer (IEng)]] is regulated. These titles are protected by law and are subject to strict requirements defined by the [[Engineering Council]]. The title CEng is in use in nations of the [[Commonwealth of Nations]] that follow or adapt British professional codes.{{Citation needed |date=March 2024}}

Many skilled and semi-skilled tradespeople in the UK, including, for example, [[engineering technician]]s who service [[Major appliance|domestic appliances]] or telephone systems, call themselves engineers, and the term in that context is commonly used by the public.{{Citation needed |date=March 2024}} Proposals such as a 2015 [[UK Parliament petitions website|petition]] to the [[Parliament of the United Kingdom|UK parliament]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Make 'Engineer' a protected title |url=http://epetitions.direct.gov.uk/petitions/6271 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402104312/http://epetitions.direct.gov.uk/petitions/6271 |archive-date=2 April 2015 |access-date=3 January 2012 |work=Petitions – UK Government and Parliament}}</ref> to legally protect the title "engineer" so that only professional engineers could use it have been unsuccessful ({{As of|2023|lc=yes}})