Editing Emilio Aguinaldo (section)

===Arrival of American troops<span class="anchor" id="Arrival of Americans"></span>===
{{main|Battle of Manila (1898)}}
By May 1898, Filipino troops had cleared Cavite of Spanish forces. In late June 1898, Aguinaldo, with the help of American allies, who were now landing in Cavite, was now preparing to drive the Spaniards out of Manila. The first contingent of American troops arrived in Cavite on June 30, the second under General [[Francis V. Greene]] on July 17, and the third under General [[Arthur MacArthur Jr]] on July 30.<ref name="VWiHW" /> By then, 12,000 US troops had landed in the Philippines.<ref name="4YcPs" />

Aguinaldo had presented surrender terms to Spanish [[Governor-General of the Philippines]] [[Basilio Augustín]], who refused them initially since he believed that more Spanish troops would be sent to lift the siege.<ref name="7f7mB" />{{sfn|Agoncillo|1990|p=194}} As the combined forces of Filipinos and Americans were closing in, Augustín realized that his position was hopeless, secretly continued to negotiate with Aguinaldo, and even offered ₱1&nbsp;million, but Aguinaldo refused. When the Spanish [[Cortes Generales|Cortes]] learned of Augustín's attempt to negotiate the surrender of his army to Filipinos under Aguinaldo, it was furious and relieved Augustín of his duties effective July 24. He was replaced by [[Fermin Jáudenes]]. On June 16, warships departed Spain to lift the siege, but they altered course for Cuba where a Spanish fleet was imperiled by the US Navy.{{sfn|Agoncillo|1990|p=115}}

In August 1898, life in [[Intramuros]], the walled center of Manila, had become unbearable, and the normal population of about 10,000 was now 70,000. Realizing that it was only a matter of time before the city fell and fearing vengeance and looting if the city fell to Filipino revolutionaries, Jáudenes, suggested to Dewey, through the Belgian consul, [[Édouard André (consul)|Édouard André]], for the city to be surrendered to the Americans after a short, "mock" battle. Dewey had initially rejected the suggestion because he lacked the troops to block Filipino revolutionary forces, which numbered 40 000, but when Merritt's troops became available, he sent a message to Jáudenes, agreeing to the mock battle. A bloodless mock battle had been planned, but Spanish troops opened fire in a skirmish that left six Americans and forty-nine Spaniards dead after Filipino revolutionaries, thinking that the attack was genuine, joined advancing US troops.<ref name="rDj6r" /> Besides the unplanned casualties, the battle went according to plan. The Spanish surrendered the city to the Americans, and it did not fall to the Filipino revolutionaries, who felt betrayed.<ref name="KZnSj" /> By the end of September, Aguinaldo's forces had captured over 9,000 Spanish prisoners, who were relieved of their weapons. They were generally free to move around but remained within the control of Aguinaldo. Aguinaldo did not know that on December 10, 1898, the [[Treaty of Paris (1898)|Treaty of Paris]] had been signed; it transferred the Philippines from Spain to the United States for the sum of $20&nbsp;million.<ref name="TofP" />