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Edward Thorndike
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==Selected works== {{refbegin}} * {{cite journal | last = Thorndike | first = Edward Lee | date = June 1898 | title = Animal Intelligence: An Experimental Study of the Associative Processes in Animals | url = https://archive.org/details/animalintelligen00thoruoft | journal = [[Psychological Review|The Psychological Review]] | series = Series of Monograph Supplements | volume = 2 | issue = 4 | editor1-last = Cattell | editor1-first = James McKeen Cattell | editor1-link = James McKeen Cattell | editor2-last = Baldwin | editor2-first = James Mark | editor2-link = James Mark Baldwin | publisher = [[Macmillan Inc.|Macmillan]] | location = New York | quote = Thorndikeβs original doctoral dissertation }} * {{cite book | last = Thorndike | first = Edward Lee | author-mask = 1 | year = 1900 | title = The Human Nature Club: An Introduction to the Study of Mental Life | series = [[Chautauqua]] Literary and Scientific Circle | publisher = [[Chautauqua Institution]] Chautauqua Press }} * {{cite book | last = Thorndike | first = Edward Lee | author-mask = 1 | year = 1903 | title = Educational psychology }} * {{cite book | last = Thorndike | first = Edward Lee | author-mask = 1 | year = 1904 | title = Introduction to the Theory of Mental and Social Measurements | hdl = 2027/mdp.39015026251812 }} * {{cite book | last = Thorndike | first = Edward Lee | author-mask = 1 | year = 1905 | title = The Elements of Psychology | publisher = A. G. Seiler | url = https://archive.org/stream/elementspsychol03thorgoog#page/n4/mode/2up }} * {{cite book | last = Thorndike | first = Edward Lee | author-mask = 1 | year = 1911a | title = Animal Intelligence: Experimental studies | url = https://archive.org/stream/animalintelligen00thor#page/n5/mode/2up | publisher = [[Macmillan Inc.|Macmillan]] | location = New York }}{{sfn|Brown|1912}} * {{cite book | last = Thorndike | first = Edward Lee | author-mask = 1 | date = 1911b | title = Individuality | url = https://archive.org/details/individuality01thorgoog | publisher = Houghton Mifflin | location = Boston }} * {{cite journal | last = Thorndike | first = Edward Lee | author-mask = 1 | year = 1913a | title = Eugenics: With Special Reference to Intellect and Character | url = https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly/Volume_83/August_1913/Eugenics:_With_Special_Reference_to_Intellect_and_Character | journal = [[Popular Science|Popular Science Monthly]] | volume = 83 }} ([https://ws-export.wmcloud.org/?format=pdf&lang=en&page=Popular_Science_Monthly%2FVolume_83%2FAugust_1913%2FEugenics%3A_With_Special_Reference_to_Intellect_and_Character PDF]) * {{cite book | last = Thorndike | first = Edward Lee | author-mask = 1 | year = 1913b | title = Educational psychology, Vol 1: The original nature of man | url = https://archive.org/details/educationalpsych01thor | publisher = [[Teachers College Press]] | doi = 10.1037/13763-000 }} * {{cite book | last = Thorndike | first = Edward Lee | author-mask = 1 | year = 1913c | title = Educational psychology, Vol 2: The psychology of learning | publisher = [[Teachers College Press]] | doi = 10.1037/13051-000 }} * {{cite book | last = Thorndike | first = Edward Lee | author-mask = 1 | year = 1914a | title = Educational psychology, Vol 3: Mental work and fatigue and individual differences and their causes. | publisher = [[Teachers College Press]] | doi = 10.1037/13796-000 }} * {{cite journal | last = Thorndike | first = Edward Lee | author-mask = 1 | date = 1914b | title = Educational psychology | journal = [[Science (journal)|Science]] | volume = 57 | issue = 1476 | page = 430 | publisher = [[Teachers College Press]] | location = New York | doi = 10.1126/science.57.1476.430 | pmid = 17757921 }}{{refn|Originally published in three volumes between 1903 and 1914: * Volume 1: {{harvtxt|Thorndike|1913b}} * Volume 2: {{harvtxt|Thorndike|1913c}} * Volume 3: {{harvtxt|Thorndike|1914a}} These volumes are in-depth and intended for a scholarly audience, covering a wide range of topics in education and psychology.}} * {{cite book | last = Thorndike | first = Edward Lee | author-mask = 1 | year = 1999|orig-date = 1914c | title = Education Psychology: briefer course | publisher = [[Routledge]] | location = New York | isbn = 978-0-415-21011-9 }}<ref name = "myshortnote">Published in 1914, this is an abridged version of Thorndikeβs three-volume work. It was written to provide a more accessible and concise version of his theories for teachers, students, and practitioners who may not need the full depth of the original volumes. It simplifies and summarizes the key points from the comprehensive work.</ref> * {{cite book | last = Thorndike | first = Edward Lee | author-mask = 1 | date = 1922a | orig-date = 1914d | title = Educational psychology briefer course | url = https://archive.org/details/educationalpsych05thor | publisher = [[Teachers College Press]] }}<ref name = "myshortnote"/> * {{cite book | last = Thorndike | first = Edward Lee | author-mask = 1 | year = 1927a | orig-year = 1921 | title = The Teacher's Word Book | url = https://archive.org/details/cu31924014451409 | publisher = [[Teachers College Press]] | edition = 2nd }} * {{cite book | last = Thorndike | first = Edward Lee | author-mask = 1 | year = 1922b | title = The Psychology of Arithmetic | hdl = 2027/mdp.39015014729746 | publisher = [[Macmillan Inc.|Macmillan]] | location = New York }} * {{cite book | last = Thorndike | first = Edward Lee | author-mask = 1 | year = 1927b | title = The Measurement of Intelligence }} * {{cite book | last = Thorndike | first = Edward Lee | author-mask = 1 | year = 1931 | title = Human Learning | hdl = 2027/mdp.39015010306069 }} * {{cite book | last = Thorndike | first = Edward Lee | author-mask = 1 | year = 1932a | title = A Teacher's Word Book of the Twenty Thousand Words Found Most Frequently and Widely in General Reading for Children and Young People | url = https://pure.mpg.de/rest/items/item_2395383_8/component/file_2637709/content | publisher = [[Teachers College Press]] }} * {{Cite book | last = Thorndike | first = Edward Lee | author-mask = 1 | year = 1932b | title = The Fundamentals of Learning | publisher = AMS Press Inc. | isbn = 978-0-404-06429-7 }} * {{Cite book | last = Thorndike | first = Edward Lee | author-mask = 1 | year = 1935 | title = The Psychology of Wants, Interests, and Attitudes }}<ref>{{cite web|title=Abstract for ''The Psychology of Wants, Interests, and Attitudes''|website=APA PsycNet, American Psychological Association|url=https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1935-01762-000}}</ref> * {{Cite book | last1 = Thorndike | first1 = Edward Lee | author-mask = 1 | last2 = Lorge | first2 = Irving | author2-link = Irving Lorge | year = 1944 | title = The Teacher's Word Book of 30,000 Words | url = https://ia800703.us.archive.org/26/items/teacherswordbook00thor_0/teacherswordbook00thor_0.pdf | publisher = [[Teachers College Press]] }} ===Articles=== <!-- {{Div col|colwidth=30em}} --> * {{cite journal | last = Thorndike | first = Edward Lee | date = 1898b | url = https://archive.org/stream/science71898mich#page/818/mode/2up | title = Some Experiments on Animal Intelligence | journal = [[Science (journal)|Science]] | series = New Series | publisher = [[Macmillan Inc.|Macmillan]] | location = New York | volume = VII | issue = 181 | pages = 818β824 | doi = 10.1126/science.7.181.818 | bibcode = 1898Sci.....7..818T }} * {{cite journal | last = Thorndike | first = Edward Lee | author-mask = 1 | date = 1900-02-16 | jstor = 1626563 | title = Do Fishes Remember? | journal = [[Science (journal)|Science]] | series = New Series | volume = 11 | issue = 268 | pages = 273β274 | doi = 10.1126/science.11.268.273 | pmid = 17740220 | bibcode = 1900Sci....11..273T }} * {{cite journal | last = Thorndike | first = Edward Lee | author-mask = 1 | date = 1900 | url = https://archive.org/stream/psychologicalrev07ameruoft#page/466/mode/2up | title = Mental Fatigue | journal = [[Psychological Review|The Psychological Review]] | volume = VII | issue = 5 | pages = 466β482 | doi = 10.1037/h0069440 }} * {{cite journal | last1 = Woodworth | first1 = Robert S. | author1-link = Robert S. Woodworth | last2 = Thorndike | first2 = Edward Lee | author2-mask = 1 | date = 1900 | url = https://archive.org/stream/psychologicalrev07ameruoft#page/344/mode/2up | doi = 10.1037/h0064288 | title = Judgements of Magnitude by Comparison with a Mental Standard | journal = [[Psychological Review|The Psychological Review]] | volume = 7 | issue = 4 | pages = 344β355 }} * {{cite journal | last1 = Woodworth | first1 = Robert S. | author1-link = Robert S. Woodworth | last2 = Thorndike | first2 = Edward Lee | author2-mask = 1 | date = 1901 | url = https://talkcurriculum.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/woodworth-thorndike-1901-the-influence-of-improvement-in-one-mental-function-i.pdf | doi = 10.1037/h0074898 | title = The influence of improvement in one mental function upon the efficiency of other functions | journal = [[Psychological Review|The Psychological Review]] | volume = 8 | issue = 3 | pages = 247β261 }} {{cite web|url = https://ia800708.us.archive.org/view_archive.php?archive=/22/items/crossref-pre-1909-scholarly-works/10.1037%252Fh0069840.zip&file=10.1037%252Fh0074898.pdf|title=here}} * {{cite journal | last1 = Thorndike | first1 = Edward Lee | author1-mask = 1 | last2 = Woodworth | first2 = Robert S. | author2-link = Robert S. Woodworth | date = 1901 | url = https://livros01.livrosgratis.com.br/ps000175.pdf | doi = 10.1037/h0071280 | title = The Influence of Improvement on One Mental Function on the Efficiency of Other Functions: II The Estimation of Magnitudes | journal = [[Psychological Review|The Psychological Review]] | volume = 8 | issue = 4 | pages = 384β395 }} * {{cite journal | last1 = Thorndike | first1 = Edward Lee | author1-mask = 1 | last2 = Woodworth | first2 = Robert S. | author2-link = Robert S. Woodworth | date = 1901 | url = https://ia800708.us.archive.org/view_archive.php?archive=/22/items/crossref-pre-1909-scholarly-works/10.1037%252Fh0069840.zip&file=10.1037%252Fh0074898.pdf | doi = 10.1037/h0071363 | title = The Influence of Improvement on One Mental Function on the Efficiency of Other Functions: III Functions Involving Attention, Observation, and Discrimination | journal = [[Psychological Review|The Psychological Review]] | volume = 8 | issue = 6 | pages = 553β564 }} * {{cite journal | last = Thorndike | first = Edward Lee | author-mask = 1 | date = 1901-08-09 | jstor = 1628095 | title = Adaptation in Vision | journal = [[Science (journal)|Science]] | series = New Series | volume = 14 | issue = 345 | pages = 221β222 | doi = 10.1126/science.14.345.221.a | pmid = 17797830 }} * {{cite journal | last = Thorndike | first = Edward Lee | author-mask = 1 | date = February 1902 | jstor = 1075880 | title = Psychology in Secondary Schools | journal = The School Review | volume = 10 | issue = 2 | pages = 114β123 | doi = 10.1086/434307 }} * {{cite journal | last = Thorndike | first = Edward Lee | author-mask = 1 | date = May 1903 | url = | title = The Careers of Scholarly Men in America | journal = The Century Magazine | volume = | issue = | pages = }} * {{cite journal | last = Thorndike | first = Edward Lee | author-mask = 1 | date = 1905-09-28 | jstor = 2011451 | title = Measurement of Twins | journal = The Journal of Philosophy, Psychology and Scientific Methods | volume = 2 | issue = 20 | pages = 547β553 | doi = 10.2307/2011451 }} * {{cite journal | last = Thorndike | first = Edward Lee | author-mask = 1 | date = 1906-06-01 | jstor = 1632842 | title = An Empirical Study of College Entrance Examinations | journal = [[Science (journal)|Science]] | series = New Series | volume = 23 | issue = 596 | pages = 839β845 | doi = 10.1126/science.23.596.839 | pmid = 17797564 | bibcode = 1906Sci....23..839T }} * {{cite journal | last = Thorndike | first = Edward Lee | author-mask = 1 | date = 1906 | url = https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=njp.32101077276978;seq=217;view=1up;num=211 | title = Sex in Education | journal = [[The Bookman (New York City)|The Bookman]] | location = New York | volume = XXIII }} * {{cite journal | last = Thorndike | first = Edward Lee | author-mask = 1 | date = October 1906 | url = | title = Education | journal = [[The Bookman (New York City)|The Bookman]] | location = New York | volume = }} * {{cite journal | last = Thorndike | first = Edward Lee | author-mask = 1 | date = 1907-01-17 | jstor = 2010699 | title = The Mental Antecedents of Voluntary Movements | journal = The Journal of Philosophy, Psychology and Scientific Methods | volume = 4 | issue = 2 | pages = 40β42 | doi = 10.2307/2010699 }} * {{cite journal | last = Thorndike | first = Edward Lee | author-mask = 1 | date = 1907-06-06 | jstor = 2010743 | title = On the Function of Visual Images | journal = The Journal of Philosophy, Psychology and Scientific Methods | volume = 4 | issue = 12 | pages = 324β327 | doi = 10.2307/2010743 }} * {{cite journal | last = Thorndike | first = Edward Lee | author-mask = 1 | date = July 1908 | jstor = 1413197 | title = The Effect of Practice in the Case of a Purely Intellectual Function | journal = [[American Journal of Psychology|The American Journal of Psychology]] | volume = 19 | issue = 3 | pages = 374β384 | doi = 10.2307/1413197 }} * {{cite journal | last = Thorndike | first = Edward Lee | author-mask = 1 | date = 1909-04-29 | jstor = 2011832 | title = A Note on the Specialization of Mental Functions with Varying Content | journal = The Journal of Philosophy, Psychology and Scientific Methods | volume = 6 | issue = 9 | pages = 239β240 | doi = 10.2307/2011832 }} * {{cite journal | last = Thorndike | first = Edward Lee | author-mask = 1 | date = 1910-03-18 | jstor = 1636145 | title = Collegiate Instruction | journal = [[Science (journal)|Science]] | series = New Series | volume = 31 | issue = 794 | pages = 428β431 | doi = 10.1126/science.31.794.428 | bibcode = 1910Sci....31..428T }} * {{cite journal | last = Thorndike | first = Edward Lee | author-mask = 1 | date = May 1910 | jstor = 993291 | title = Repeaters in the Upper Grammar Grades | journal = The Elementary School Teacher | volume = 10 | issue = 9 | pages = 409β414 | doi = 10.1086/453978 }} * {{cite journal | last = Thorndike | first = Edward Lee | author-mask = 1 | date = July 1910 | jstor = 1413352 | title = Practice in the Case of Addition | journal = [[American Journal of Psychology|The American Journal of Psychology]] | volume = 21 | issue = 3 | pages = 483β486 | doi = 10.2307/1413352 }} * {{cite journal | last = Thorndike | first = Edward Lee | author-mask = 1 | date = July 1910 | jstor = 1413353 | title = The Relation between Memory for Words and Memory for Numbers, and the Relation between Memory over Short and Memory over Long Intervals | journal = [[American Journal of Psychology|The American Journal of Psychology]] | volume = 21 | issue = 3 | pages = 487β488 | doi = 10.2307/1413353 }} * {{cite journal | last = Thorndike | first = Edward Lee | author-mask = 1 | date = 1910 | doi = 10.1037/h0070113 | title = The Contribution of Psychology to Education | journal = Journal of Educational Psychology | volume = 1 | pages = 5β12 }} * {{cite journal | last = Thorndike | first = Edward Lee | author-mask = 1 | date = June 1911 | jstor = 27949682 | title = Testing the Results of the Teaching of Science | journal = The Mathematics Teacher | volume = 3 | issue = 4 | pages = 213β218 | doi = 10.5951/MT.3.4.0213 }} * {{cite journal | last = Thorndike | first = Edward Lee | author-mask = 1 | date = 1911-06-16 | jstor = 1638715 | title = A Scale for Measuring the Merit of English Writing | journal = [[Science (journal)|Science]] | series = New Series | volume = 33 | issue = 859 | pages = 935β938 | doi = 10.1126/science.33.859.935.b | pmid = 17754446 }} * {{cite journal | last = Thorndike | first = Edward Lee | author-mask = 1 | date = May 1912 | jstor = 1076195 | title = The Measurement of Educational Products | journal = The School Review | volume = 20 | issue = 5 | pages = 289β299 | doi = 10.1086/435934 }} * {{cite journal | last = Thorndike | first = Edward Lee | author-mask = 1 | date = 1913-01-24 | jstor = 1637975 | title = Educational Diagnosis | journal = [[Science (journal)|Science]] | series = New Series | volume = 37 | issue = 943 | pages = 133β142 | doi = 10.1126/science.37.943.133 | pmid = 17794518 | bibcode = 1913Sci....37..133T }} * {{cite journal | last = Thorndike | first = Edward Lee | author-mask = 1 | date = November 1913 | jstor = 801022 | title = Notes on the Significance and Use of the Hillegas Scale for Measuring the Quality of English Composition | journal = The English Journal | volume = 2 | issue = 9 | pages = 551β561 | doi = 10.2307/801022 }} * {{cite journal | last = Thorndike | first = Edward Lee | author-mask = 1 | date = March 1914 | jstor = 27946819 | title = An Experiment in Grading Problems in Algebra | journal = The Mathematics Teacher | volume = 6 | issue = 3 | pages = 123β134 | doi = 10.5951/MT.6.3.0123 }} * {{cite journal | last = Thorndike | first = Edward Lee | author-mask = 1 | date = 1914-11-20 | jstor = 1639020 | title = The Failure of Equalizing Opportunity to Reduce Individual Differences | journal = [[Science (journal)|Science]] | series = New Series | volume = 40 | issue = 1038 | pages = 753β755 | doi = 10.1126/science.40.1038.753.b | pmid = 17814176 }} * {{cite journal | last = Thorndike | first = Edward Lee | author-mask = 1 | date = April 1915 | jstor = 1413254 | title = The Form of the Curve of Practice in the Case of Addition | journal = [[American Journal of Psychology|The American Journal of Psychology]] | volume = 26 | issue = 2 | pages = 247β250 | doi = 10.2307/1413254 }} * {{cite journal | last = Thorndike | first = Edward Lee | author-mask = 1 | date = June 1915 | jstor = 2456110 | title = The Resemblance of Young Twins in Handwriting | journal = The American Naturalist | volume = 49 | issue = 582 | pages = 377β379 | doi = 10.1086/279488 | bibcode = 1915ANat...49..377T }} * {{cite journal | last = Thorndike | first = Edward Lee | author-mask = 1 | date = October 1916 | jstor = 1412994 | title = Notes on Practice, Improvability, and the Curve of Work | journal = [[American Journal of Psychology|The American Journal of Psychology]] | volume = 27 | issue = 4 | pages = 550β565 | doi = 10.2307/1412994 }} * {{cite journal | last = Thorndike | first = Edward Lee | author-mask = 1 | date = 1917-07-05 | jstor = 2940196 | title = On the Function of Visual Imagery and its Measurement from Individual Reports | journal = The Journal of Philosophy, Psychology and Scientific Methods | volume = 14 | issue = 14 | pages = 381β384 | doi = 10.2307/2940196 }} * {{cite journal | last = Thorndike | first = Edward Lee | author-mask = 1 | date = October 1917 | jstor = 993655 | title = The Understanding of Sentences: A Study of Errors in Reading | journal = The Elementary School Journal | volume = 18 | issue = 2 | pages = 98β114 | doi = 10.1086/454594 }} * {{cite journal | last = Thorndike | first = Edward Lee | author-mask = 1 | date = 1920 | url = https://archive.org/stream/journaleducatio00assogoog#page/n294/mode/2up | title = Reliability and Significance of Tests of Intelligence | journal = The Journal of Educational Psychology | volume = XI | issue = 5 | pages = 284β287 | doi = 10.1037/h0074443 }} * {{cite journal | last = Thorndike | first = Edward Lee | author-mask = 1 | date = December 1921 | jstor = 27950376 | title = A Note on the Failure of Educated Persons to Understand Simple Geometrical Facts | journal = The Mathematics Teacher | volume = 14 | issue = 8 | pages = 451β453 | doi = 10.5951/MT.14.8.0451 }} * {{cite journal | last = Thorndike | first = Edward Lee | author-mask = 1 | date = January 1922 | jstor = 27950382 | title = The Nature of Algebraic Abilities (Part I) | journal = The Mathematics Teacher | volume = 15 | issue = 1 | doi = 10.5951/MT.15.2.0079 }}<br/>{{cite journal | last = Thorndike | first = Edward Lee | author-mask = 1 | date = February 1922 | jstor = 27950393 | title = The Nature of Algebraic Abilities (Part II) | journal = The Mathematics Teacher | volume = 15 | issue = 2 | pages = 6β15 | doi = 10.5951/MT.15.1.0006 }} * {{cite journal | last = Thorndike | first = Edward Lee | author-mask = 1 | date = March 1922 | jstor = 27950401 | title = The Psychology of the Equation | journal = The Mathematics Teacher | volume = 15 | issue = 3 | pages = 127β136 | doi = 10.5951/MT.15.3.0127 }} * {{cite journal | last = Thorndike | first = Edward Lee | author-mask = 1 | date = April 1922 | jstor = 27950415 | title = The Psychology of Problem Solving (Part I) | journal = The Mathematics Teacher | volume = 15 | issue = 4 | pages = 212β227 | doi = 10.5951/MT.15.4.0212 }}<br/>{{cite journal | last = Thorndike | first = Edward Lee | author-mask = 1 | date = May 1922 | jstor = 27950422 | title = The Psychology of Problem Solving (Part II) | journal = The Mathematics Teacher | volume = 15 | issue = 5 | pages = 253β264 | doi = 10.5951/MT.15.5.0253 }} * {{cite journal | last = Thorndike | first = Edward Lee | author-mask = 1 | date = October 1922 | jstor = 27950433 | title = The Strength of the Mental Connections Formed in Algebra | journal = The Mathematics Teacher | volume = 15 | issue = 6 | pages = 317β331 | doi = 10.5951/MT.15.6.0317 }} * {{cite journal | last = Thorndike | first = Edward Lee | author-mask = 1 | date = November 1922 | jstor = 27950446 | title = The Constitution of Algebraic Abilities | journal = The Mathematics Teacher | volume = 15 | issue = 7 | pages = 405β415 | doi = 10.5951/MT.15.2.0079 }} * {{cite journal | last = Thorndike | first = Edward Lee | author-mask = 1 | date = 1928-04-01 | isbn = 978-1334687419 | url = | title = The Teachable Age | journal = The Survey | volume = | issue = }} <!-- {{Div col end}} --> ===Miscellany=== * {{Cite web | last = Thorndike | first = Edward Lee | date = 1899 | url = https://archive.org/stream/biologicallectur1899mari#page/56/mode/2up | title = Instinct | publisher = Boston, Ginn & Co | quote = in Biological Lectures From The Marine Biological Laboratory of Woods Holl, 1899. }} * {{Cite web | last = Thorndike | first = Edward Lee | author-mask = 1 | date = 1899 | url = https://archive.org/stream/biologicallectur1899mari#page/68/mode/2up | title = The Associative Processes in Animals | publisher = Boston, Ginn & Co | quote = in Biological Lectures From The Marine Biological Laboratory of Woods Holl, 1899. }} {{refend}}
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