Editing Economy of Kuwait (section)

===Space===
[[File:Ksr circle.png|thumb|220x220px|[[Kuwait Space Rocket]]]]
Kuwait has an emerging space industry driven by the [[private sector]].<ref name="space">{{cite web|title=The Emerging Space Industry in Kuwait|work=Euro-Gulf Information Centre|date=1 February 2021|url=https://www.egic.info/emerging-space-industry-kuwait|access-date=9 May 2021|archive-date=9 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210509034000/https://www.egic.info/emerging-space-industry-kuwait|url-status=live}}</ref>

;Kuwait's first satellite 
Kuwait's Orbital Space in collaboration with the Space Challenges Program<ref>{{Cite web|title=Space Challenges Program {{!}} www.spaceedu.net|url=https://www.spaceedu.net/|access-date=7 August 2020|website=Space Challenges|language=en-US|archive-date=4 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804224112/https://www.spaceedu.net/|url-status=live}}</ref> and [[EnduroSat]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=EnduroSat – Class-leading CubeSat Modules, NanoSats & Space Services|url=https://www.endurosat.com/|access-date=7 August 2020|website=CubeSat by EnduroSat|language=en-US|archive-date=7 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807030125/https://www.endurosat.com/|url-status=live}}</ref> introduced an international initiative called "Code in Space". The initiative allows students from around the world to send and execute their own code in space.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Code In Space!|url=https://www.orbital-space.com/codeinspace|access-date=7 August 2020|website=ORBITAL SPACE|language=en|archive-date=3 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201203101132/https://www.orbital-space.com/codeinspace|url-status=dead}}</ref> The code is transmitted from a satellite ground station to a [[CubeSat|cubesat]] ([[Small satellite|nanosatellite]]) orbiting Earth {{cvt|500|km}} above sea level. The code is then executed by the satellite's onboard computer and tested under real space environment conditions. The nanosatellite is called "QMR-KWT" (Arabic: قمر الكويت) which means "Moon of Kuwait", translated from Arabic.<ref name="first_satellite2">{{Cite web|date=10 June 2021|title=Orbital Space confirms June 24 launch date for Kuwait's first CubeSat|url=https://arabspacenews.com/cubesat/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210613075750/https://arabspacenews.com/cubesat/|url-status=dead|archive-date=2021-06-13|website=Arab Space News|language=en-US}}</ref>

QMR-KWT launched to space on 30 June 2021<ref name="first_satellite">{{Cite web|url=https://www.kuna.net.kw/ArticleDetails.aspx?id=2985865|title=Kuwait's first Satellite launched into space|date=30 June 2021|website=[[Kuwait News Agency]]|access-date=1 July 2021|archive-date=30 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210630233816/https://www.kuna.net.kw/ArticleDetails.aspx?id=2985865|url-status=live}}</ref> on [[SpaceX]] [[Falcon 9 Block 5]] rocket and was part of the payload of a satellite carrier called ION SCV Dauntless David by D-Orbit.<ref>{{Cite web|title=D-Orbit's Coming Up With A WILD RIDE Via Their ION Satellite Carrier – SatNews|url=https://news.satnews.com/2021/05/31/d-orbits-coming-up-with-a-wild-ride-via-their-ion-satellite-carrier/|access-date=2021-09-23|website=news.satnews.com|archive-date=22 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210922212732/https://news.satnews.com/2021/05/31/d-orbits-coming-up-with-a-wild-ride-via-their-ion-satellite-carrier/|url-status=live}}</ref> It was deployed into its final orbit ([[Sun-synchronous orbit]]) on 16 July 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|title=WILD RIDE MISSION UPDATES|url=https://www.dorbit.space/wildride-mission-updates|access-date=2021-09-23|website=D-Orbit|language=en|archive-date=16 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211016065419/https://www.dorbit.space/wildride-mission-updates|url-status=live}}</ref> QMR-KWT is Kuwait's first satellite.<ref name="first_satellite"/><ref>{{Cite web|date=16 June 2020|title=Momentus and EnduroSat sign two launch agreements|url=https://spacenews.com/momentus-endurosat-contract/|access-date=7 August 2020|website=SpaceNews|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="first_satellite2"/>

;Um Alaish 4
Seven years after the launch of the world's first communications satellite, [[Telstar 1]], Kuwait in October 1969 inaugurated the first satellite ground station in the Middle East, "Um Alaish".<ref>{{Cite web|last=Kuwait News Agency|first=KUNA|date=28 October 2001|title=UM AL-AISH" SATELLITE STATION, THE FIRST IN THE MIDDLE EAST|url=https://www.kuna.net.kw/ArticleDetails.aspx?language=en&id=1202610|access-date=7 August 2020|archive-date=3 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201203103659/https://www.kuna.net.kw/ArticleDetails.aspx?language=en&id=1202610|url-status=live}}</ref> The Um Alaish satellite station complex housed several satellite ground stations including Um Alaish 1 (1969), Um Alaish 2 (1977), and Um Alaish 3 (1981). It provided satellite communication services in Kuwait until 1990 when it was destroyed by the Iraqi armed forces during the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kuwait scraps obsolete satellite station|url=https://www.arabianbusiness.com/kuwait-scraps-obsolete-satellite-station-41095.html|access-date=7 August 2020|website=ArabianBusiness.com|language=en|archive-date=9 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709182530/https://www.arabianbusiness.com/kuwait-scraps-obsolete-satellite-station-41095.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2019, Kuwait's Orbital Space established an amateur satellite ground station to provide free access to signals from satellites in orbit passing over Kuwait. The station was named Um Alaish 4 to continue the legacy of "Um Alaish" satellite station.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Um AlAish 4|url=https://www.orbital-space.com/qmrkwt|access-date=7 August 2020|website=ORBITAL SPACE|language=en|archive-date=3 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201203101652/https://www.orbital-space.com/qmrkwt|url-status=dead}}</ref> Um Alaish 4 is member of FUNcube distributed [[ground station]] network<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ranking · AMSAT-UK Data Warehouse|url=http://warehouse.funcube.org.uk/ranking|access-date=7 August 2020|website=warehouse.funcube.org.uk|archive-date=5 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210205130632/http://warehouse.funcube.org.uk/ranking|url-status=live}}</ref> and the Satellite Networked Open Ground Station project ([[SatNOGS]]).<ref>{{Cite web|title=SatNOGS Network – Ground Station Um Alaish 4|url=https://network.satnogs.org/stations/579/|access-date=7 August 2020|website=network.satnogs.org|archive-date=23 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200923152543/https://network.satnogs.org/stations/579/|url-status=live}}</ref>

;Kuwait Space Rocket
{{Main|Kuwait Space Rocket}}
The [[Kuwait Space Rocket]] (KSR) is a Kuwaiti project to build and launch the first [[suborbital spaceflight|suborbital]] [[Liquid-propellant rocket|liquid bi-propellant rocket]]<!-- Note: "Bipropellant rocket" redirects to the same target article
 --> in [[Arabia]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.kuna.net.kw/ArticleDetails.aspx?id=2747736&language=en|title=Kuwaiti youth eager to put country on space exploration map|date=2018-09-24|website=[[Kuwait News Agency]] (KUNA)|access-date=14 February 2020|archive-date=28 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210428021039/https://www.kuna.net.kw/ArticleDetails.aspx?id=2747736&language=en|url-status=live}}</ref> The project is divided into two phases with two separate vehicles: an initial testing phase with KSR-1 as a [[test article (aerospace)|test vehicle]] capable of reaching an altitude of {{cvt|8|km}} and a more expansive suborbital test phase with the KSR-2 planned to fly to an altitude of {{cvt|100|km}}.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://al-seyassah.com/ناصر-أشكناني-لـالسياسة-صاروخ-فضائي-ك/|title=ناصر أشكناني لـ"السياسة": صاروخ فضائي كويتي يضعنا في الدول المتقدمة|website=السياسة جريدة كويتية يومية {{!}} Al SEYASSAH Newspaper|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200212202244/http://al-seyassah.com/ناصر-أشكناني-لـالسياسة-صاروخ-فضائي-ك/|language=ar|access-date=2020-02-14|archive-date=12 February 2020}}</ref>

;TSCK experiment in space
Kuwait's Orbital Space in collaboration with the [[Kuwait Scientific Center]] (TSCK) introduced for the first time in Kuwait the opportunity for students to send a science experiment to space. The objectives of this initiative was to allow students to learn about (a) how science space missions are done; (b) [[Micro-g environment|microgravity]] (weightlessness) environment; (c) how to do science like a real scientist. This opportunity was made possible through Orbital Space agreement with [[DreamUp]] PBC and [[NanoRacks|Nanoracks]] LLC, which are collaborating with [[NASA]] under a Space Act Agreement.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Space Month|url=https://services.tsck.org.kw/space/CompetitionDetails.aspx|access-date=2021-03-01|website=services.tsck.org.kw|archive-date=9 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709181825/https://services.tsck.org.kw/space/CompetitionDetails.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref> The students' experiment was named "Kuwait’s Experiment: E.coli Consuming Carbon Dioxide to Combat Climate Change".<ref>{{Cite web|title=ExperimentsInSpace|url=https://www.orbital-space.com/experiment-in-space|access-date=2021-03-01|website=Orbital Space|language=en|archive-date=22 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422162443/https://www.orbital-space.com/experiment-in-space|url-status=dead}}</ref> The experiment was launched on [[SpaceX CRS-21]] (SpX-21) spaceflight to the [[International Space Station]] (ISS) on 6 December 2020. Astronauts [[Shannon Walker]] (member of the ISS [[Expedition 64]]) conducted the experiment on behalf of the students.

;National satellite project
In July 2021, Kuwait University announced that it is launching a national satellite project as part of state-led efforts to pioneer the country's sustainable space sector.<ref name="national_satellite">{{Cite web|url=https://www.kuna.net.kw/ArticleDetails.aspx?id=2988219&language=en|title=Kuwait University reveals work for sustainable space sector|date=12 July 2021|website=[[Kuwait News Agency]]|access-date=16 July 2021|archive-date=16 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210716032617/https://www.kuna.net.kw/ArticleDetails.aspx?id=2988219&language=en|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="national_satellite2">{{Cite web|title=تمديد التسجيل للدفعة 2 في مشروع القمر الاصطناعي الكويتي إلى 15 الجاري|url=https://www.alanba.com.kw/ar/kuwait-news/1057147/13-07-2021-%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B3%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%84-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%81%D8%B9%D8%A9-%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%85%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%B7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%8A-%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A/|date=13 July 2021|website=Al-Anba|language=Arabic|access-date=23 July 2021|archive-date=16 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210716073614/https://www.alanba.com.kw/ar/kuwait-news/1057147/13-07-2021-%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B3%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%84-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%81%D8%B9%D8%A9-%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%85%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%B7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%8A-%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A/|url-status=live}}</ref>