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=== Urban environment === [[File:Midsummer night^ - geograph.org.uk - 9752.jpg|View from The Law, overlooking Dundee City Centre and the Tay Road Bridge|thumb|left]] Very little of pre-[[Scottish Reformation|Reformation]] Dundee remains, the destruction suffered in the [[War of the Rough Wooing]] being almost total, with only scattered, roofless shells remaining.<ref>{{harvnb|Merriman|2000|pp=360β361 }}</ref> The area occupied by the medieval burgh of Dundee extends between East Port and West Port, which formerly held the gates to the walled city. The shoreline has been altered considerably since the early 19th century through development of the harbour area and land reclamation.<ref>{{harvnb|McCarthy|2007|p=80}}; The progress of waterfront development can be seen in the maps of {{harvnb|Wood|1821}}, {{harvnb|Edward|1846}} and {{harvnb|Bartholomew|1912 }}</ref> Several areas on the periphery of the burgh saw industrial development with the building of textile mills from the end of the 18th century. Their placement was dictated by the need for a water supply for the modern steam powered machinery, and areas around the Lochee Burn ([[Lochee]]), Scouring Burn ([[Blackness, Dundee|Blackness]]) and Dens Burn (Dens Road area) saw particular concentrations of mills.<ref>{{harvnb|Lenman|Lythe|Gauldie|1969|p=9}}; {{harvnb|Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland 1992|p=25}}; {{harvnb|Watson|1990|p=8 }}</ref> The post war period saw expansion of industry to estates along the Kingsway.<ref>{{harvnb|Walker|1968|p=296 }}</ref> Working-class housing spread rapidly and without control throughout the Victorian era, particularly in the Hawkhill, Blackness Road, Dens Road and Hilltown areas.<ref>{{harvnb|Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland 1992|p=26 }}</ref> Despite the comparative wealth of Victorian Dundee as a whole, living standards for the working classes were very poor. A general lack of town planning coupled with the influx of labour during the expansion of the jute industry resulted in insanitary, squalid and cramped housing for much of the population.<ref>{{harvnb|McKean|2011|pp=72β76 }}</ref> While gradual improvements and [[Slum clearance in the United Kingdom|slum clearance]] began in the late 19th century, the building of the groundbreaking [[Logie, Dundee|Logie]] housing estate marked the beginning of Dundee's expansion through the building of planned housing estates, under the vision of city architect [[James Thomson (architect)|James Thomson]], whose legacy also includes the housing estate of [[Craigiebank, Dundee|Craigiebank]] and the beginnings of an improved transport infrastructure by planning the Kingsway bypass.<ref>{{harvnb|Logie Conservation Area}}; {{harvnb|Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland 1992|pp=51β52}}; {{harvnb|McKean|2011|p=81 }}</ref> Modernisation of the city centre continued in the post-war period. The medieval Overgate was demolished in the early 1960s to make way for a shopping centre, followed by construction of the inner ring road and the Wellgate Shopping Centre.<ref>{{harvnb|McKean|1990|p=73}}; {{harvnb|McKean|2011|p=85 }}</ref> The [[Tay Road Bridge]], completed in 1966, had as its northern landfall the docklands of central Dundee, and the new associated road system resulted in the city centre being cut off from the river.<ref>{{harvnb|McKean|1990|p=73}}; {{harvnb|McKean|2011|p=93 }}</ref> An acute shortage of housing in the late 1940s was addressed by a series of large housing estates built in the northern environs, including the Fintry, Craigie, Charleston and Douglas areas in the 1950s and early 1960s.<ref>{{harvnb|Walker|1968|p=296}}; {{harvnb|Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland 1992|p=55 }}</ref> These were followed by increasingly cost-effective and sometimes poorly planned housing throughout the 1960s.<ref>{{harvnb|Walker|1968|p=296}}; {{harvnb|McKean|1990|p=73}}; {{harvnb|Scott|2002|pp=73β76, 103β106}}; {{harvnb|Glendinning|1997|pp=25, 56 }}</ref> Much of this, in particular the high-rise blocks of flats at Lochee, Kirkton, Trottick, Whitfield, Ardler and Menzieshill, and the prefabricated Skarne housing blocks at Whitfield, has been demolished since the 1990s or is scheduled for future demolition.<ref>{{harvnb|Tenants gone, soon multi too}}; {{harvnb|Last of Menzieshill multis to be brought down this week}}; {{harvnb|Four Dundee Hilltown multi-storey blocks to come down}}; {{harvnb|Fate of Whitfield's Skarne blocks to be decided }}</ref> {{Location map+|Scotland Dundee |caption={{left|Areas of Dundee and nearby settlements}} |float=right |width=450 |places = {{Location map~|Scotland Dundee|coordinates = {{coord|56.488|-3.014}}|position=left|label='''[[Ardler|1]]'''|label_size=100|marksize=0}} {{Location map~|Scotland Dundee|coordinates = {{coord|56.466060|-3.017575}}|position=bottom|label='''[[Balgay|2]]'''|label_size=100|marksize=0}} {{Location map~|Scotland Dundee|coordinates = {{coord|56.496759|-2.998905}}|position=top|label='''[[Balgowan, Dundee|3]]'''|label_size=100|marksize=0}} {{Location map~|Scotland Dundee|coordinates = {{coord|56.4925|-2.904167}}|position=right|label='''[[Ballumbie|4]]'''|label_size=100|marksize=0}} {{Location map~|Scotland Dundee|coordinates = {{coord|56.4605|-2.994693}}|position=right|label='''[[Blackness, Dundee|5]]'''|label_size=100|marksize=0}} {{Location map~|Scotland Dundee|coordinates = {{coord|56.46718|-2.86991}}|position=left|label='''[[Broughty Ferry|6]]'''|label_size=100|marksize=0}} {{Location map~|Scotland Dundee|coordinates = {{coord|56.475369|-2.855483}}|position=bottom|label='''[[Barnhill, Dundee|7]]'''|label_size=100|marksize=0}} {{Location map~|Scotland Dundee|coordinates = {{coord|56.483809|-3.044031}}|position=left|label='''[[Camperdown, Dundee|8]]'''|label_size=100|marksize=0}} {{Location map~|Scotland Dundee|coordinates = {{coord|56.473084|-3.037243}}|position=top|label='''[[Charleston, Dundee|9]]'''|label_size=100|marksize=0}} {{Location map~|Scotland Dundee|coordinates = {{coord|56.458339|-2.971933}}|position=bottom|label='''{{pad|2.0em}}{{nowrap|[[City Centre, Dundee|10]]}}'''|label_size=100|marksize=0}} {{Location map~|Scotland Dundee|coordinates = {{coord|56.493000|-2.965000}}|position=top|label='''[[Claverhouse|11]]'''|label_size=100|marksize=0}} {{Location map~|Scotland Dundee|coordinates = {{coord|56.470352|-2.928414}}|position=top|label='''[[Craigiebank, Dundee|12]]'''|label_size=100|marksize=0}} {{Location map~|Scotland Dundee|coordinates = {{coord|56.478605|-2.905886}}|position=right|label='''[[Douglas, Dundee|13]]'''|label_size=100|marksize=0}} {{Location map~|Scotland Dundee|coordinates = {{coord|56.487815|-2.993798}}|position=top|label='''[[Downfield, Dundee|14]]'''|label_size=100|marksize=0}} {{Location map~|Scotland Dundee|coordinates = {{coord|56.478333|-3.022222}}|position=top|label='''[[Dryburgh, Dundee|15]]'''|label_size=100|marksize=0}} {{Location map~|Scotland Dundee|coordinates = {{coord|56.489131|-2.940241}}|position=top|label='''[[Fintry, Dundee|16]]'''|label_size=100|marksize=0}} {{Location map~|Scotland Dundee|coordinates = {{coord|56.467545|-3.054946}}|position=left|label='''[[Gowrie Park|17]]'''|label_size=100|marksize=0}} {{Location map~|Scotland Dundee|coordinates = {{coord|56.468195|-2.975431}}|position=bottom|label='''[[Hilltown, Dundee|18]]'''|label_size=100|marksize=0}} {{Location map~|Scotland Dundee|coordinates = {{coord|56.487867|-2.987304}}|position=bottom|label='''[[Kirkton, Dundee|19]]'''|label_size=100|marksize=0}} {{Location map~|Scotland Dundee|coordinates = {{coord|56.469734|-2.990000}}|position=left|label='''[[Dundee Law|20]]'''|label_size=100|marksize=0}} {{Location map~|Scotland Dundee|coordinates = {{coord|56.473299|-3.011276}}|position=top|label='''[[Lochee|21]]'''|label_size=100|marksize=0}} {{Location map~|Scotland Dundee|coordinates = {{coord|56.461687|-3.002853}}|position=top|label='''[[Logie, Dundee|22]]'''|label_size=100|marksize=0}} {{Location map~|Scotland Dundee|coordinates = {{coord|56.466810|-3.035449}}|position=top|label='''[[Menzieshill|23]]'''|label_size=100|marksize=0}} {{Location map~|Scotland Dundee|coordinates = {{coord|56.489200|-2.954600}}|position=left|label='''[[Mill of Mains|24]]'''|label_size=100|marksize=0}} {{Location map~|Scotland Dundee|coordinates = {{coord|56.463190|-3.038596}}|position=bottom|label='''[[Ninewells|25]]'''|label_size=100|marksize=0}} {{Location map~|Scotland Dundee|coordinates = {{coord|56.482879|-2.935215}}|position=right|label='''[[Pitkerro|26]]'''|label_size=100|marksize=0}} {{Location map~|Scotland Dundee|coordinates = {{coord|56.493034|-3.015049}}|position=left|label='''[[St Marys, Dundee|27]]'''|label_size=100|marksize=0}} {{Location map~|Scotland Dundee|coordinates = {{coord|56.470093|-2.962495}}|position=top|label='''[[Stobswell|28]]'''|label_size=100|marksize=0}} {{Location map~|Scotland Dundee|coordinates = {{coord|56.456350|-2.996222}}|position=bottom|label='''[[West End, Dundee|29]]'''|label_size=100|marksize=0}} {{Location map~|Scotland Dundee|coordinates = {{coord|56.488342|-2.925606}}|position=right|label='''[[Whitfield, Dundee|30]]'''|label_size=100|marksize=0}} {{Location map~|Scotland Dundee|coordinates = {{coord|56.479936|-2.967615}}|position=left|label='''[[Woodside, Dundee|31]]'''|label_size=100|marksize=0}} <!-- Nearby settlements --> {{Location map~|Scotland Dundee|coordinates = {{coord|56.460303|-3.061237}}|position=left|label='''[[Invergowrie]]'''|label_size=|mark=Blue pog.svg}} {{Location map~|Scotland Dundee|coordinates = {{coord|56.481|-2.820}}|position=left|label='''[[Monifieth]]'''|label_size=|mark=Blue pog.svg}} {{Location map~|Scotland Dundee|coordinates = {{coord|56.492695|-3.055644}}|position=left|label='''[[Birkhill, Angus|Birkhill]]'''|label_size=|mark=Blue pog.svg}} {{Location map~|Scotland Dundee|coordinates = {{coord|56.505623|-3.013761}}|position=left|label='''[[Bridgefoot, Angus|Bridgefoot]]'''|label_size=|mark=Blue pog.svg}} {{Location map~|Scotland Dundee|coordinates = {{coord|56.501263|-2.997399}}|position=right|label='''{{nowrap|[[Strathmartine]]}}'''|label_size=|mark=Blue pog.svg}} {{Location map~|Scotland Dundee|coordinates = {{coord|56.485243|-3.086291}}|position=left|label='''[[Liff, Angus|Liff]]'''|label_size=|mark=Blue pog.svg}} {{Location map~|Scotland Dundee|coordinates = {{coord|56.501913|-2.912940}}|position=top|label='''[[Burnside of Duntrune]]'''|label_size=|mark=Blue pog.svg}} {{Location map~|Scotland Dundee|coordinates = {{coord|56.507502|-2.885453}}|position=bottom|label='''[[Kellas, Angus|Kellas]]'''|label_size=|mark=Blue pog.svg}} {{Location map~|Scotland Dundee|coordinates = {{coord|56.505988|-2.844800}}|position=bottom|label='''[[Kingennie]]'''|label_size=|mark=Blue pog.svg}} {{Location map~|Scotland Dundee|coordinates = {{coord|56.514746|-2.877497}}|position=right|label='''[[Bucklerheads]]'''|label_size=|mark=Blue pog.svg}} {{Location map~|Scotland Dundee|coordinates = {{coord|56.411|-03.043}}|position=left|label='''[[Balmerino]]'''|label_size=|mark=Blue pog.svg}} {{Location map~|Scotland Dundee|coordinates = {{coord|56.424444| -2.979444}}|position=left|label='''[[Wormit]]'''|label_size=|mark=Blue pog.svg}} {{Location map~|Scotland Dundee|coordinates = {{coord|56.44017|-2.94103}}|position=left|label='''[[Newport-on-Tay]]'''|label_size=|mark=Blue pog.svg}} }} Areas of Dundee: {{columns-list|colwidth=15em|style=width: 450px;| # [[Ardler]] # [[Balgay]] # [[Balgowan, Dundee|Balgowan]] # [[Ballumbie]] # [[Blackness, Dundee|Blackness]] # [[Broughty Ferry]] # [[Barnhill, Dundee|Barnhill]] # [[Camperdown, Dundee|Camperdown]] # [[Charleston, Dundee|Charleston]] # [[City Centre, Dundee|City Centre]] # [[Claverhouse]] # [[Craigiebank, Dundee|Craigiebank]] # [[Douglas, Dundee|Douglas]] # [[Downfield, Dundee|Downfield]] # [[Dryburgh, Dundee|Dryburgh]] # [[Fintry, Dundee|Fintry]] # [[Gowrie Park]] # [[Hilltown, Dundee|Hilltown]] # [[Kirkton, Dundee|Kirkton]] # [[Dundee Law]] # [[Lochee]] # [[Logie, Dundee|Logie]] # [[Menzieshill]] # [[Mill of Mains]] # [[Ninewells]] # [[Pitkerro]] # [[St Marys, Dundee|St Marys]] # [[Stobswell]] # [[West End, Dundee|West End]] # [[Whitfield, Dundee|Whitfield]] # [[Woodside, Dundee|Woodside]] }}
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