Editing Dishwasher (section)

===Glassware===
Glassware washed by dishwashing machines can develop a white [[haze]] on the surface over time. This may be caused by any or all of the below processes, of which only the first is reversible:
; Deposition of minerals: Calcium carbonate ([[limescale]]) in hard water can deposit and build up on surfaces when water dries. The deposits can be dissolved by vinegar or another acid. Dishwashers often include [[ion exchange]] device to remove calcium and magnesium ions and replace them with sodium. The resultant sodium salts are water-soluble and don't tend to build up.{{Cn|date=March 2025}}
; Silicate filming, etching, and accelerated crack corrosion: This film starts as an iridescence or "oil-film" effect on glassware, and progresses into a "milky" or "cloudy" appearance (which is not a deposit) that cannot be polished off or removed like limescale. It is formed because the detergent is strongly alkaline (basic) and [[Sodium silicate#Properties|glass dissolves slowly in alkaline aqueous solution]]. It becomes less soluble in the presence of silicates in the water (added as anti-metal-corrosion agents in the dishwasher detergent). Since the cloudy appearance is due to nonuniform glass dissolution, it is (somewhat paradoxically) ''less'' marked if dissolution is higher, i.e. if a silicate-free detergent is used; also, in certain cases, the etching will primarily be seen in areas that have microscopic surface cracks as a result of the items' manufacturing.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.scienceblog.com/community/older/2003/F/20033788.html |title=Lehigh-Unilever study sheds light on mystery of cloudy wineglasses |publisher=Scienceblog.com |access-date=2012-06-20 |archive-date=2006-10-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061022172645/http://www.scienceblog.com/community/older/2003/F/20033788.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1111/j.1151-2916.2003.tb03538.x |last1=Sharma |first1=Anju |last2=Jain |first2=Himanshu |last3=Carnali |first3=Joseph O. |last4=Lugo |first4=Guillermo Manuel |title=Influence of the Manufacturing Process on Corrosion Behavior of Soda-Lime-Silicate Glassware |journal=Journal of the American Ceramic Society |url=http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/118861292/abstract?CRETRY=1&SRETRY=0|archive-url=https://archive.today/20121107001214/http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/118861292/abstract?CRETRY=1&SRETRY=0|url-status=dead|archive-date=2012-11-07|access-date= 2010-06-09 |volume=86 |pages=1669–1676 |year=2003 |issue=10}}</ref> Limitation of this undesirable reaction is possible by controlling water hardness, detergent load and temperature. The type of glass is an important factor in determining if this effect is a problem. Some dishwashers can reduce this etching effect by automatically dispensing the correct amount of detergent throughout the wash cycle based on the level of water hardness programmed.{{Cn|date=March 2025}}
; Dissolution of lead: Lead in [[lead crystal]] can be converted into a soluble form by the high temperatures and strong alkali detergents of dishwashers, which could endanger the health of subsequent users.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.yale.edu/ynhti/curriculum/units/1997/7/97.07.05.x.html |title=''Lead Contamination In Our Environment'' |publisher=Yale.edu |access-date=2012-06-20}}</ref>