Editing Disability (section)

==== Social construction ====
The social construction of disability is the idea that disability is constructed by social expectations and institutions rather than biological differences. Highlighting the ways society and institutions construct disability is one of the main focuses of this idea.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mallon |first=Ron |url=http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2014/entries/social-construction-naturalistic/ |title=Naturalistic Approaches to Social Construction |year=2014 |editor-last=Zalta |editor-first=Edward N. |edition=Winter 2014 |access-date=February 23, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190318091540/https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2014/entries/social-construction-naturalistic/ |archive-date=March 18, 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> In the same way that race and gender are not biologically fixed, neither is disability.

Around the early 1970s, sociologists, notably Eliot Friedson, began to argue that [[labeling theory]] and [[social deviance]] could be applied to disability studies. This led to the creation of the [[social construction of disability]] theory. The social construction of disability is the idea that disability is constructed as the social response to a deviance from the norm. The medical industry is the creator of the ill and disabled social role. Medical professionals and institutions, who wield expertise over health, have the ability to define health and physical and mental norms. When an individual has a feature that creates an impairment, restriction, or limitation from reaching the social definition of health, the individual is labeled as disabled. Under this idea, disability is not defined by the physical features of the body but by a deviance from the [[social convention]] of health.<ref>{{cite book |last=Freidson |first=Eliot |title=Profession of Medicine: A Study of the Sociology of Applied Knowledge |publisher=Harper and Row |year=1970 |isbn=978-0-06-042205-9 |pages=205–10}}</ref>

The social construction of disability would argue that the [[medical model of disability]]'s view that a disability is an impairment, restriction, or limitation is wrong. Instead what is seen as a disability is just a difference in the individual from what is considered "normal" in society.<ref>{{cite book |last=Burch |first=Susan |title=Encyclopedia of American Disability History Vol. 2 |publisher=Facts on File |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-8160-7030-5 |pages=543–44}}</ref>