Editing Dieting (section)

=== Adverse effects ===
==== Increased mortality rate ====
A number of studies have found that intentional weight loss is associated with an increase in [[Mortality rate|mortality]] in people without weight-related health problems.<ref name="weight science2">{{cite journal | vauthors = Bacon L, Aphramor L | title = Weight science: evaluating the evidence for a paradigm shift | journal = Nutrition Journal | volume = 10 | pages = 9 | date = January 2011 | pmid = 21261939 | pmc = 3041737 | doi = 10.1186/1475-2891-10-9 | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Gaesser GA | title = Thinness and weight loss: beneficial or detrimental to longevity? | journal = Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise | volume = 31 | issue = 8 | pages = 1118–1128 | date = August 1999 | pmid = 10449013 | doi = 10.1097/00005768-199908000-00007 | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Sørensen TI, Rissanen A, Korkeila M, Kaprio J | title = Intention to lose weight, weight changes, and 18-y mortality in overweight individuals without co-morbidities | journal = PLOS Medicine | volume = 2 | issue = 6 | pages = e171 | date = June 2005 | pmid = 15971946 | pmc = 1160579 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pmed.0020171 | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Ingram DD, Mussolino ME | title = Weight loss from maximum body weight and mortality: the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Linked Mortality File | journal = International Journal of Obesity | volume = 34 | issue = 6 | pages = 1044–1050 | date = June 2010 | pmid = 20212495 | doi = 10.1038/ijo.2010.41 | doi-access = free }}</ref> A 2009 meta-analysis of 26 studies found that "intentional weight loss had a small benefit for individuals classified as unhealthy (with obesity-related risk factors), especially unhealthy obese, but appeared to be associated with slightly increased mortality for healthy individuals, and for those who were overweight but not obese."<ref name="harrington2"/>

==== Dietary supplements ====
Due to extreme or unbalanced diets, dietary supplements are sometimes taken in an attempt to replace missing vitamins or minerals. While some supplements could be helpful for people eating an unbalanced diet (if replacing essential nutrients, for example), overdosing on any dietary supplement can cause a range of side effects depending on the supplement and dose that is taken.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Office of Dietary Supplements - Dietary Supplements: What You Need to Know|url=https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/WYNTK-Consumer/|access-date=2021-05-03|website=ods.od.nih.gov|language=en|archive-date=24 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210424203351/https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/WYNTK-Consumer/|url-status=live}}</ref> Supplements should not replace foods that are important to a healthy diet.<ref name=":0" />

====Eating disorders====
In an editorial for ''[[Psychological Medicine]]'', George Hsu concludes that dieting is likely to lead to the development of an [[eating disorder]] in the presence of certain risk factors.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Hsu LK | title = Can dieting cause an eating disorder? | journal = Psychological Medicine | volume = 27 | issue = 3 | pages = 509–513 | date = May 1997 | pmid = 9153671 | doi = 10.1017/S0033291797004753 | doi-access = free }}</ref> A 2006 study found that dieting and unhealthy weight-control behaviors were predictive of obesity and eating disorders five years later, with the authors recommending a "shift away from dieting and drastic weight-control measures toward the long-term implementation of healthful eating and physical activity".<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Neumark-Sztainer D, Wall M, Guo J, Story M, Haines J, Eisenberg M | title = Obesity, disordered eating, and eating disorders in a longitudinal study of adolescents: how do dieters fare 5 years later? | journal = Journal of the American Dietetic Association | volume = 106 | issue = 4 | pages = 559–568 | date = April 2006 | pmid = 16567152 | doi = 10.1016/j.jada.2006.01.003 | author2-link = Melanie Wall }}{{Dead link|date=May 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>