Editing Demographics of Ukraine (section)

== Population Decline ==

[[File:Population of Ukraine from 1950z.svg|thumb|upright=1.2|Population of Ukraine from 1950<ref>[https://archive.today/20120805214701/http://www.ukrstat.gov.ua/operativ/operativ2007/ds/nas_rik/nas_e/nas_rik_e.html State Statistics Committee of Ukraine] Retrieved 18 September 2009</ref><ref>[http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/sng_pop.php Demoscope] Retrieved 18 September 2009</ref>]]
According to estimates by the State Statistics Service of Ukraine, the population of Ukraine (excluding Crimea) on 1 May 2021 was 41,442,615.<ref name="ukrcensus"/>

The country's population has been declining since the 1990s because of a high emigration rate, coupled with high death rates and low birth rates. The population has been shrinking by an average of over 300,000 annually since 1993.

In 2007, the country's rate of population decline was the fourth highest in the world.<ref name="autogenerated2002">{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2002.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070613003920/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2002.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=13 June 2007 |title=Field Listing – Population growth rate |access-date=5 July 2008 |website=CIA World Factbook}}</ref>
But between 2008 and 2010, over 1.5 million children were born in Ukraine, compared with fewer than 1.2 million in 1999–2001. In 2008, Ukraine posted record-breaking birth rates not seen since its 1991 independence. Infant mortality rates also dropped from 10.4 deaths to 8.3 per 1,000 children under one year of age, a lower rate than in 153 other countries.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2091rank.html?countryName=Ukraine&countryCode=up&regionCode=eur&rank=154#up |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130616053929/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2091rank.html?countryName=Ukraine&countryCode=up&regionCode=eur&rank=154#up |url-status=dead |archive-date=16 June 2013 |title=Infant mortality rate, Ukraine |publisher=Cia.gov |access-date=26 January 2014}}</ref>

In 2019, the Ukrainian government conducted an electronic census using multiple sources, including mobile phone and pension data, and estimated that Ukraine's population, excluding Crimea and parts of the [[Donbas]], to be 37.3 million. About 20 million were of active working age.<ref name=rfe-20200123>{{cite news |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/ukraine--population-shrinks-23-percent-2001/30393838.html |title=Ukraine's Population Shrinks By Nearly A Quarter |publisher=Radio Free Europe |date=23 January 2020 |access-date=24 August 2020}}</ref><ref name="empr_media">{{cite news|url=https://empr.media/news/ukraine/the-government-has-estimated-ukraines-population-at-37-3-million/|title=The government has estimated Ukraine's population at 37.3 million|website=empr.media|access-date=2020-12-16|archive-date=6 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231006202525/https://empr.media/news/ukraine/the-government-has-estimated-ukraines-population-at-37-3-million/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The [[Russian invasion of Ukraine|Russian invasion]] considerably deepened the country's demographic crisis due to the [[Russian annexation of Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia oblasts|annexation of multiple oblasts]], [[Ukrainian refugee crisis|numerous civilians fleeing the country]], and [[Casualties of the Russo-Ukrainian War|high casualties]]. A July 2023 study by the [[The Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies|Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies]] stated the following:<blockquote>"Regardless of how long the war lasts and whether or not there is further military escalation, Ukraine is unlikely to recover demographically from the consequences of the war. Even in 2040 it will have only about 35 million inhabitants, around 20% fewer than before the war (2021: 42.8 million) and the decline in the working-age population is likely to be the most severe and far-reaching."</blockquote>The study examined different scenarios, from a "best case", in which the war ended in 2023 without significant further escalation, to a "worst case", ending in 2025 after further escalation. Flight from war particularly affects the southern and eastern regions and especially educated women of child-bearing age and their children. With an estimate of more than 20% of refugees not returning, study author Maryna Tverdostup concludes that this will lead to long-term shrinking and will significantly impair the conditions for reconstruction.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Knapp |first1=Andreas |title=Ukraine: Population loss endangers reconstruction |url=https://wiiw.ac.at/ukraine-population-loss-endangers-reconstruction-n-603.html |website=WIIW |access-date=19 July 2023 |date=13 July 2023}}</ref>