Editing Daylight saving time (section)

=== Effects on social relations ===
DST hurts prime-time television broadcast ratings,<ref name="Kissell">{{cite news|author=Rick Kissell|date=20 March 2007|title=Daylight-saving dock ratings|work=Variety|url=https://variety.com/2007/scene/markets-festivals/daylight-saving-dock-ratings-1117961488/|access-date=20 April 2020|archive-date=13 April 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090413015818/http://variety.com/article/VR1117961488.html?categoryid=1275&cs=1|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="NatGeo Time" /> [[Drive-in theater|drive-ins]] and other theaters.<ref>{{cite book|author=Todd D. Rakoff|title=A Time for Every Purpose: Law and the Balance of Life|publisher=Harvard University Press|year=2002|isbn=978-0-674-00910-3|page=26}}</ref> Artificial outdoor lighting has a marginal and sometimes even contradictory influence on crime and fear of crime.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Rachel Pain |author2=Robert MacFarlane |author3=Keith Turner |author4=Sally Gill |year=2006 |title='When, where, if, and but': qualifying GIS and the effect of streetlighting on crime and fear |journal=Environment and Planning A |volume=38 |issue=11 |pages=2055–2074 |doi=10.1068/a38391 |bibcode=2006EnPlA..38.2055P |s2cid=143511067}}</ref>

Later sunsets from DST are thought to affect behavior; for example, increasing participation in after-school sports programs or outdoor afternoon sports such as golf, and attendance at professional sporting events.<ref name="Downing-2018">{{Cite news|last=Downing|first=Michael|date=9 March 2018|title=One Hundred Years Later, the Madness of Daylight Saving Time Endures|work=Smithsonian|url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/100-years-later-madness-daylight-saving-time-endures-180968435/|access-date=12 March 2018|quote=Today we know that changing the clocks does influence our behavior. For example, later sunset times have dramatically increased participation in afterschool sports programs and attendance at professional sports events. In 1920, The Washington Post reported that golf ball sales in 1918—the first year of daylight saving—increased by 20 percent.|archive-date=11 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180311215048/https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/100-years-later-madness-daylight-saving-time-endures-180968435/|url-status=live}}</ref> Advocates of daylight saving time argue that having more hours of daylight between the end of a typical workday and evening induces people to consume other goods and services.<ref>{{cite news|author=Dana Knight|date=17 April 2006|title=Daylight-saving time becomes daylight-spending time for many businesses|work=Indianapolis Star}}</ref><ref name="CBC News-2020" /><ref>{{Cite news|last=Bradley|first=Barbara|date=3 April 1987|title=For business, Daylight Saving Time is daylight spending time|work=The Christian Science Monitor}}</ref>

In 2022, a publication of three replicating studies of individuals, between individuals, and transecting societies, demonstrated that sleep loss affects the human motivation to help others, which in its [[Functional magnetic resonance imaging|fMRI]] findings is "associated with deactivation of key nodes within the social cognition brain network that facilitates prosociality." Furthermore, they detected, through analysis of over three million real-world charitable donations, that the loss of sleep inflicted by the transition to daylight saving time reduces altruistic giving compared to controls (being states not implementing DST). They conclude that the effects on civil society are "non-trivial".<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Simon |first1=Eti Ben |last2=Vallat |first2=Raphael |last3=Rossi |first3=Aubrey |last4=Walker |first4=Matthew P. |date=23 August 2022 |title=Sleep loss leads to the withdrawal of human helping across individuals, groups, and large-scale societies |journal=PLOS Biology |language=en |volume=20 |issue=8 |pages=e3001733 |doi=10.1371/journal.pbio.3001733 |issn=1545-7885 |pmc=9398015 |pmid=35998121 |doi-access=free }}</ref>

Another study, which also examined sleep manipulation due to the shift to daylight saving time in the spring, analyzed archival data from judicial punishment imposed by US federal courts which showed sleep-deprived judges exact more severe penalties.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Cho |first1=Kyoungmin |last2=Barnes |first2=Christopher M. |last3=Guanara |first3=Cristiano L. |date=13 December 2016 |title=Sleepy Punishers Are Harsh Punishers |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956797616678437 |journal=Psychological Science |volume=28 |issue=2 |pages=242–247 |doi=10.1177/0956797616678437 |pmid=28182529 |s2cid=11321574 |issn=0956-7976}}</ref>