Editing DNA vaccine (section)

=== Mucosal surface delivery ===
Alternatives included [[aerosol]] instillation of naked DNA on [[mucosal]] surfaces, such as the [[human nose|nasal]] and [[human lung|lung]] [[mucosa]],<ref name="Lewis1999" /> and topical administration of pDNA to the eye<ref name="Daheshia1997">{{cite journal | vauthors = Daheshia M, Kuklin N, Kanangat S, Manickan E, Rouse BT | title = Suppression of ongoing ocular inflammatory disease by topical administration of plasmid DNA encoding IL-10 | journal = Journal of Immunology | volume = 159 | issue = 4 | pages = 1945–1952 | date = August 1997 | doi = 10.4049/jimmunol.159.4.1945 | pmid = 9257860 | s2cid = 43203331 | url = http://www.jimmunol.org/cgi/content/abstract/159/4/1945 | doi-access = free }}</ref> and vaginal mucosa.<ref name="Lewis1999" /> Mucosal surface delivery has also been achieved using cationic [[liposome]]-DNA preparations,<ref name="Robinson2000" /> [[biodegradable]] microspheres,<ref name="Chen1998">{{cite journal | vauthors = Chen Y, Webster RG, Woodland DL | title = Induction of CD8+ T cell responses to dominant and subdominant epitopes and protective immunity to Sendai virus infection by DNA vaccination | journal = Journal of Immunology | volume = 160 | issue = 5 | pages = 2425–2432 | date = March 1998 | doi = 10.4049/jimmunol.160.5.2425 | pmid = 9498786 | s2cid = 2250871 | url = http://www.jimmunol.org/cgi/content/abstract/160/5/2425 | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref name="Lewis1999" /> attenuated ''[[Salmonella|Salmonalla]]'',<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Lode HN, Huebener N, Zeng Y, Fest S, Weixler S, Gaedicke G | title = DNA minigene vaccination for adjuvant neuroblastoma therapy | journal = Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences | volume = 1028 | issue = 1 | pages = 113–121 | date = December 2004 | pmid = 15650237 | doi = 10.1196/annals.1322.012 | s2cid = 27240738 | bibcode = 2004NYASA1028..113L }}</ref> ''[[Shigella]]'' or ''[[Listeria]]'' vectors for oral administration to the intestinal mucosa<ref name="Sizemore1995">{{cite journal | vauthors = Sizemore DR, Branstrom AA, Sadoff JC | title = Attenuated Shigella as a DNA delivery vehicle for DNA-mediated immunization | journal = Science | volume = 270 | issue = 5234 | pages = 299–302 | date = October 1995 | pmid = 7569980 | doi = 10.1126/science.270.5234.299 | s2cid = 12532901 | bibcode = 1995Sci...270..299S | url = https://zenodo.org/record/1231043 }}</ref> and recombinant adenovirus vectors.<ref name="Lewis1999" />