Editing DNA replication (section)

=== DNA replication proteins ===
At the replication fork, many replication enzymes assemble on the DNA into a complex molecular machine called the [[replisome]]. The following is a list of major DNA replication enzymes that participate in the replisome:<ref>{{Cite book |title=Introduction to Genetic Analysis |vauthors=Griffiths AJ, Wessler SR, Lewontin RC, Carroll SB |publisher=W. H. Freeman and Company |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-7167-6887-6}}[Chapter 7: DNA: Structure and Replication. pg 283–290]</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
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! Enzyme !! Function in DNA replication
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| [[DNA helicase]] || Also known as helix destabilizing enzyme. Helicase separates the two strands of DNA at the [[Replication Fork]] behind the topoisomerase.
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| [[DNA polymerase]] || The enzyme responsible for catalyzing the addition of nucleotide substrates to DNA in the 5′ to 3′ direction during DNA replication. Also performs proof-reading and error correction.  There exist many different types of DNA Polymerase, each of which perform different functions in different types of cells.
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| [[DNA clamp]] || A protein which prevents elongating DNA polymerases from dissociating from the DNA parent strand.
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| [[Single-strand DNA-binding protein]] || Bind to ssDNA and prevent the DNA double helix from re-annealing after DNA helicase unwinds it, thus maintaining the strand separation, and facilitating the synthesis of the new strand.
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| [[Topoisomerase]] || Relaxes the DNA from its super-coiled nature.
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| [[DNA gyrase]] || Relieves strain of unwinding by DNA helicase; this is a specific type of topoisomerase
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| [[DNA ligase]]|| Re-anneals the semi-conservative strands and joins [[Okazaki Fragments]] of the lagging strand.
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| [[Primase]] || Provides a starting point of RNA (or DNA) for DNA polymerase to begin synthesis of the new DNA strand.
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| [[Telomerase]] || Lengthens telomeric DNA by adding repetitive nucleotide sequences to the ends of '''[[Eukaryotic chromosome fine structure|eukaryotic chromosomes]]'''.  This allows germ cells and stem cells to avoid the [[Hayflick limit]] on cell division.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2009-05-11 |title=Will the Hayflick limit keep us from living forever? |url=http://science.howstuffworks.com/life/genetic/hayflick-limit.htm |access-date=January 20, 2015 |website=Howstuffworks |vauthors=Clark J}}</ref>
|}
''[[In vitro]]'' [[single-molecule experiment]]s (using [[optical tweezers]] and [[magnetic tweezers]]) have found synergetic interactions between the replisome enzymes ([[helicase]], [[polymerase]], and [[Single-strand DNA-binding protein]]) and with the DNA replication fork enhancing [[DNA unwinding element|DNA-unwinding]] and DNA-replication.<ref name="Jarillo-2021" /> These results lead to the development of kinetic models accounting for the synergetic interactions and their stability.<ref name="Jarillo-2021" />