Editing Czechoslovakia (section)

== Government and politics ==
{{main|History of Czechoslovakia (1918–1938)|Politics of Communist Czechoslovakia}}
After World War II, a political monopoly was held by the [[Communist Party of Czechoslovakia]] (KSČ). The leader of the KSČ was ''[[de facto]]'' the most powerful person in the country during this period. [[Gustáv Husák]] was elected first secretary of the KSČ in 1969 (changed to general secretary in 1971) and president of Czechoslovakia in 1975. Other parties and organizations existed but functioned in subordinate roles to the KSČ. All political parties, as well as numerous mass organizations, were grouped under umbrella of the [[National Front (Czechoslovakia)|National Front]]. Human rights activists and religious activists were severely repressed.
[[File:Národní muzeum - FS.JPG|thumb|upright|[[Federal Assembly (Czechoslovakia)|Federal Assembly]] in Prague]]

===Constitutional development===<!--This section is linked from [[Constitution of Czechoslovakia]]-->
{{main|Constitutional Court of Czechoslovakia}}
[[File:Herb Czechosłowacji (1990-1992).svg|thumb|upright|Federative [[Coat of arms of Czechoslovakia|coat of arms]] in 1990–1992]]

Czechoslovakia had the following constitutions during its history (1918–1992):
*Temporary constitution of 14 November 1918 (democratic): see [[History of Czechoslovakia (1918–1938)]]
*The [[Czechoslovak Constitution of 1920|1920 constitution]] (The Constitutional Document of the Czechoslovak Republic), democratic, in force until 1948, several amendments
*The Communist 1948 [[Ninth-of-May Constitution]]
*The Communist [[1960 Constitution of Czechoslovakia|1960 Constitution of the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic]] with major amendments in 1968 ([[Constitutional Law of Federation]]), 1971, 1975, 1978, and 1989 (at which point the leading role of the Communist Party was abolished). It was amended several more times during 1990–1992 (for example, 1990, name change to Czecho-Slovakia, 1991 incorporation of the human rights charter)

=== Heads of state and government ===
{{See also|Communist Party of Czechoslovakia#Leaders{{!}}Leaders of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia}}
*[[List of presidents of Czechoslovakia]]
*[[List of prime ministers of Czechoslovakia]]

===Foreign policy===
<!--{{See also|:Category:Foreign relations of Czechoslovakia}}-->

====International agreements and membership====
In the 1930s, the nation formed a military alliance with France, which collapsed in the [[Munich Agreement]] of 1938. After [[World War II]], an active participant in Council for Mutual Economic Assistance ([[Comecon]]), [[Warsaw Pact]], United Nations and its specialized agencies; signatory of [[conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe]].<ref>Ladislav Cabada and Sarka Waisova, ''Czechoslovakia and the Czech Republic in World Politics'' (Lexington Books; 2012)</ref>

==== International relations ====
Between 1948 and 1949, Czechoslovakia formed a relationship with Israel through their military support during the War of 1948. Israel bought approximately US$144 million worth of weapons and ammunition.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Taterová |first=Eva |title=The Contribution of Czechoslovakia to Creation of the Independent State of Israel - Časopis politické vedy |url=https://politickevedy.fpvmv.umb.sk/25500/the-contribution-of-czechoslovakia-to-creation-of-the-independent-state-of-israel |access-date=2025-03-13 |website=politickevedy.fpvmv.umb.sk |language=sk |doi=10.24040/politickevedy.2023.26.4.108-129}}</ref>

===Administrative divisions===
{{main|Administrative divisions of Czechoslovakia}}
*1918–1923: Different systems in former Austrian territory ([[Bohemia]], [[Moravia]], a small part of [[Silesia]]) compared to former Hungarian territory (Slovakia and [[Ruthenia]]): three lands (''země'') (also called district units (''kraje'')): Bohemia, Moravia, Silesia, plus 21 counties (''župy'') in today's Slovakia and three counties in today's Ruthenia; both lands and counties were divided into districts (''[[okres]]y'').
*1923–1927: As above, except that the Slovak and Ruthenian counties were replaced by six (grand) counties (''(veľ)župy'') in Slovakia and one (grand) county in Ruthenia, and the numbers and boundaries of the ''okresy'' were changed in those two territories.
*1928–1938: Four lands (Czech: ''země'', Slovak: ''krajiny''): Bohemia, Moravia-Silesia, Slovakia and Sub-Carpathian Ruthenia, divided into districts (''okresy'').
*Late 1938 – March 1939: As above, but Slovakia and Ruthenia gained the status of "autonomous lands". Slovakia was called ''Slovenský štát'', with its own currency and government.
*1945–1948: As in 1928–1938, except that Ruthenia became part of the Soviet Union.
*1949–1960: 19 regions (''kraje'') divided into 270 ''okresy''.
*1960–1992: 10 ''kraje'', [[Prague]], and (from 1970) [[Bratislava]] (capital of Slovakia); these were divided into 109–114 okresy; the kraje were abolished temporarily in Slovakia in 1969–1970 and for many purposes from 1991 in Czechoslovakia; in addition, the Czech Socialist Republic and the Slovak Socialist Republic were established in 1969 (without the word ''Socialist'' from 1990).