Editing Culture of Mexico (section)

==Music and dance==
{{Main|Music of Mexico|Folk dance of Mexico}}
[[File:Jose_Pablo_Moncayo_picture.jpg|thumb|left|150px|[[José Pablo Moncayo]]  known for his orchestral works, particularly "[[Huapango]]"]]

Mexican music is deeply rooted in its indigenous heritage, reflecting the rich cultural history of the region. The original inhabitants of Mexico used a variety of traditional instruments, including drums like the [[teponaztli]], [[flute]]s, [[Rattle (percussion instrument)|rattles]], [[conch]]es as trumpets, and their [[voice]]s to create music and accompany dances. These sounds were integral to ceremonial events such as [[Netotiliztli]]. Although ancient music persists in certain areas, much of contemporary Mexican music emerged during and after the Spanish colonial period. This era saw the incorporation of European instruments into [[Mexican music]], with some traditional instruments like the [[Mexican vihuela]], used in Mariachi ensembles, evolving from their [[Old World]] counterparts into distinctly Mexican forms.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=niZFDwAAQBAJ&dq=mexican+music+indigenous+influence%C2%A0teponaztli%2C+flutes%2C+rattles%2C+conches&pg=PT115|title=Music of Latin America and the Caribbean|isbn=978-1-351-68230-5 |last1=Brill |first1=Mark |date=22 December 2017 |publisher=Routledge }}</ref>

[[Manuel M. Ponce]], renowned for his composition "Estrellita," and [[Silvestre Revueltas]], known for works such as "Sensemayá," are prominent figures in Mexican classical music. Other notable composers include [[Luis Jordá|Luis G. Jordá]] "Elodia," [[Ricardo Castro]], [[Juventino Rosas]], celebrated for "Sobre las olas," [[Mario Carrillo]] with his "Sonido 13," [[Julio Salazar]], Pablo Moncayo, famous for "Huapango," and [[Carlos Chávez]], a key figure in modern Mexican symphonic music.

The diversity of Mexican music genres highlights the complexity of Mexican culture. Traditional forms include [[Mariachi]], [[banda music|Banda]], [[Norteño (music)|Norteño]] (North style, [[redoba]] and [[accordion]]), [[Ranchera]], [[Mexican cumbia|Cumbia]] originating from Colombia but embraced in Mexico, and [[Corrido (Mexico)|Corrido]]s. These genres have gained international recognition, with notable popularity in [[Mexican music in Chile|countries such as Chile]].<ref name=OmarMarco2017>{{Cite journal|title=Etnografía de la música mexicana en Chile: Estudio de caso|journal=Revista Electrónica de Divulgación de la Investigación|last1=Montoya Arias|first1=Luis Omar|date=2017-09-12|pages=1–20|last2=Díaz Güemez|first2=Marco Aurelio|language=es|volume=14}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|title=Geografía y literatura. Una aproximación metodológica|journal=Estudios de Humaninades y Ciencias Sociales|last=Domic Kuscevic|first=Lenka|volume=6|pages=51–54|url=http://revistas.umce.cl/index.php/contextos/article/view/815|year=2000|language=es}}</ref> Iconic songs such as "Cielito Lindo," "La Adelita," "El Rey," "Jarabe Tapatío" (the Mexican Hat Dance), "La Llorona," "La Bamba," and "Las Mañanitas" are celebrated examples of traditional Mexican music. Other styles of traditional regional music in México: [[Huapango]] or [[Son Huasteco]] (Huasteca, northeastern regions, violin and two guitars known as quinta huapanguera and [[jarana huasteca|jarana]]), Tambora (Sinaloa, mainly [[brass instruments]]) [[Duranguense]], Jarana (most of the Yucatán peninsula).

Folk songs known as corridos have been a significant element of Mexican music since the early 20th century, narrating stories related to the [[Mexican Revolution]], romance, political themes, and other aspects of Mexican life. Additionally, [[Son Jarocho]] and the marimba contribute richly to the country's musical landscape, each representing distinct regional traditions and styles. Also in the early 20th century, Mariachi and Ranchera began to gain prominence, evolving through the contributions of artists such as [[Pedro Infante]] and [[Vicente Fernández]].

Mariachi bands, characterized by their ensemble of singers, violins, [[Guitarrón mexicano|guitarrón]], [[guitarra de golpe]], vihuela, [[guitar]]s, and [[trumpet]]s, perform at diverse venues such as streets, festivals, and restaurants.<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/art/mariachi mariachi | music - Encyclopedia Britannica]</ref> The most renowned Mariachi group is [[Vargas de Tecalitlán]], which was established in 1897 and has significantly influenced the genre. Folk dances are an integral part of Mexican culture, with the "[[Jarabe Tapatío]]," commonly known as the "Mexican hat dance," being particularly significant in dance tradition. This traditional dance features a sequence of hopping steps and heel and toe-tapping movements performed by dancers dressed in vibrant regional costumes.

[[Image:Tumba de José Alfredo Jiménez.jpg|thumb|right|[[José Alfredo Jiménez]]' tomb in [[Dolores Hidalgo]], Guanajuato, attracts visitors from around the world.]]

Popular Mexican song composers include [[Agustín Lara]], known for his romantic boleros; [[Consuelo Velázquez]], celebrated for the iconic song "[[Bésame Mucho]]"; and [[José Alfredo Jiménez]], recognized for his influential rancheras. Other notable composers are [[Armando Manzanero]], famous for his boleros; [[Álvaro Carrillo]], known for his poignant ballads; [[Joaquín Pardavé]], who contributed to Mexican music and cinema; and [[Alfonso Ortiz Tirado]], esteemed for his classical and operatic works. [[Juan Gabriel]]'s songwriting was characterized by his deeply personal and emotive lyrics, blending traditional Mexican music with contemporary styles to create memorable and heartfelt songs.

In the latter half of the 20th century, Mexican rock and pop music began to emerge.<ref>[https://www.mexicanist.com/l/as-well-as-an-art-music-is-a-way-of-life/ As well as an art, music is a way of life]</ref> Bands like [[Caifanes]] and artists such as [[Luis Miguel]] became iconic figures in the Latin American music scene. The 1980s and 1990s saw the rise of new wave and [[rock en español]], with influential groups lik [[Molotov (band)|Molotov]] and [[Maná]] leading the charge. Mexico boasts the largest media industry in Latin America, producing influential artists who achieve prominence across the [[Americas]] and [[Europe]].<ref>[https://www.statista.com/topics/5106/media-in-mexico/#topicHeader__wrapper Media industry in Mexico - statistics & facts]</ref>

Traditional Mexican music has influenced the evolution of the [[Mexican pop music|pop]] and [[Mexican rock music|Mexican rock]] genre. Some well-known Mexican pop singers are [[Thalía]], [[Paulina Rubio]], [[Jose Jose]] and [[Gloria Trevi]]. Mexican rock musicians such as [[Zoé (band)|Zoé]], [[Café Tacvba]], [[Jessy Bulbo|Las Ultrasonicas]] and [[Panteón Rococó]] have incorporated Mexican folk tunes into their music. Mexican contemporary musicians include [[Natalia Lafourcade]], [[Julieta Venegas]], [[Leonel García]], and [[Carlos Rivera]]. Traditional Mexican music is still alive in the voices of artists such as [[Lila Downs]], [[Aida Cuevas]], [[Alejandro Fernández]], [[Pepe Aguilar]], [[Lupita Infante]], and [[Lorenzo Negrete]].

The annual [[Vive Latino]] festival in Mexico City is one of the largest and most influential music festivals in Latin America, drawing global attention and showcasing a diverse range of musical genres.

<gallery class="center">
File:8. MFF Pražský jarmark 3540.jpg|Northern Dance in Nuevo León
Image:JarabeTapatio.jpg|[[Jarabe Tapatío]] in the traditional [[China Poblana]] dress.
File:PolancoVoladoresdePapantla.jpg|[[Danza de los Voladores]], a ritual dance performed by the [[Totonacs]].
File:Guelaguetza.jpg|Baile Flor de Piña, a traditional dance evoking the delicate of pineapple blossoms
</gallery>