Editing Constipation (section)

=== Diagnostic tests ===
Functional constipation is common and does not warrant diagnostic testing. Imaging and laboratory tests are typically recommended for those with alarm signs or symptoms.<ref name=Jam2011/>

The laboratory tests performed depends on the suspected underlying cause of the constipation. Tests may include CBC ([[complete blood count]]), thyroid function tests, serum calcium, serum potassium, etc.<ref name="walia"/><ref name=Jam2011/>

[[Abdominal radiography|Abdominal X-rays]] are generally only performed if bowel obstruction is suspected, may reveal extensive impacted fecal matter in the colon, and may confirm or rule out other causes of similar symptoms.<ref name="mccallum"/><ref name="walia"/>

Colonoscopy may be performed if an abnormality in the colon like a tumor is suspected.<ref name=Jam2011/> Other tests rarely ordered include [[anorectal manometry]], anal sphincter electromyography, and [[defecography]].<ref name="walia"/>

Colonic propagating pressure wave sequences (PSs) are responsible for discrete movements of the bowel contents and are vital for normal defecation. Deficiencies in PS frequency, amplitude, and extent of propagation are all implicated in severe defecatory dysfunction (SDD). Mechanisms that can normalize these aberrant motor patterns may help rectify the problem. Recently the novel therapy of [[sacral nerve stimulation]] (SNS) has been utilized for the treatment of severe constipation.<ref>{{Cite journal |author=Dinning PG |title=Colonic manometry and sacral nerve stimulation in patients with severe constipation |journal=Pelviperineology |volume=26 |issue=3 |pages=114–116 |date=September 2007 |url=http://www.pelviperineology.com/pelvis/severe_constipation_colonic_manometry_sacral_nerve_stimulation.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080212124726/http://www.pelviperineology.com/pelvis/severe_constipation_colonic_manometry_sacral_nerve_stimulation.html |archive-date=12 February 2008 }}</ref>