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===Sustainability=== In 2006, the university established the Office of Environmental Stewardship to initiate, coordinate and implement programs to reduce the university's environmental footprint. The U.S. Green Building Council selected the university's Manhattanville plan for the [[Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design]] (LEED) Neighborhood Design pilot program.<ref>{{cite web|title=Manhattanville in West Harlem|url=http://manhattanville.columbia.edu/design-goals|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141212021255/http://manhattanville.columbia.edu/design-goals|archive-date=December 12, 2014|access-date=April 11, 2011|publisher=Columbia University}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Projects: Green Buildings|url=http://environment.columbia.edu/green-buildings|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140508230555/http://www.environment.columbia.edu/green-buildings|archive-date=May 8, 2014|access-date=April 11, 2011|publisher=Columbia Environmental Stewardship}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web|title=Columbia Greenmarket|date=September 30, 2007|url=http://www.grownyc.org/columbiagreenmarket|access-date=April 11, 2011|publisher=GrowNYC|archive-date=October 25, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121025211657/http://www.grownyc.org/columbiagreenmarket|url-status=live}}</ref> Columbia has been rated "B+" by the 2011 College Sustainability Report Card for its environmental and sustainability initiatives.<ref>{{cite web |title=Columbia University Green Report Card |url=http://www.greenreportcard.org/report-card-2011/schools/columbia-university |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140312213441/http://www.greenreportcard.org/report-card-2011/schools/columbia-university |archive-date=March 12, 2014 |access-date=April 11, 2011 |publisher=The College Sustainability Report Card}}</ref>[[File:116th_Street_Columbia_University_Station.JPG|thumb|Access to Columbia is enhanced by the [[116th Street–Columbia University (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line)|116th Street–Columbia University]] subway station ({{NYCS trains|Broadway-Seventh north}}) on the [[IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line]].]] According to the [[A. W. Kuchler]] U.S. [[potential natural vegetation]] types, Columbia University would have a dominant vegetation type of Appalachian [[Oak]] (''104'') with a dominant vegetation form of Eastern [[Hardwood]] Forest (''25'').<ref name="Conservation Biology Institute2">{{cite web|title=U.S. Potential Natural Vegetation, Original Kuchler Types, v2.0 (Spatially Adjusted to Correct Geometric Distortions)|url=https://databasin.org/datasets/1c7a301c8e6843f2b4fe63fdb3a9fe39|access-date=August 14, 2019|archive-date=July 3, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190703145441/https://databasin.org/datasets/1c7a301c8e6843f2b4fe63fdb3a9fe39|url-status=live}}</ref>
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