Editing Colorado (section)

==Climate==
[[File:Köppen Climate Types Colorado.png|thumb|[[Köppen climate classification|Köppen climate types]] of Colorado, using 1991–2020 [[Climatological normal|climate normals]]]]

The [[climate]] of Colorado is more complex than states outside of the [[Mountain States]] region. Unlike most other states, southern Colorado is not always warmer than northern Colorado. Most of Colorado is made up of mountains, foothills, high plains, and desert lands. Mountains and surrounding valleys greatly affect the local climate. Northeast, east, and southeast Colorado are mostly the high plains, while Northern Colorado is a mix of high plains, foothills, and mountains. Northwest and west Colorado are predominantly mountainous, with some desert lands mixed in. Southwest and southern Colorado are a complex mixture of desert and mountain areas.

===Eastern Plains===

The climate of the Eastern Plains is [[semi-arid climate|semi-arid]] ([[Köppen climate classification]]: [[Cold semi-arid climate|''BSk'']]) with low humidity and moderate precipitation, usually from {{convert|15|to|25|in|abbr=off|mm|sp=us}} annually, although many areas near the rivers are semi-humid climate. The area is known for its abundant sunshine and cool, clear nights, which give this area a great average [[diurnal temperature variation|diurnal temperature range]]. The difference between the highs of the days and the lows of the nights can be considerable as warmth dissipates to space during clear nights, the heat radiation not being trapped by clouds. The Front Range urban corridor, where most of the population of Colorado resides, lies in a pronounced [[rain shadow|precipitation shadow]] as a result of being on the [[Leeward|lee]] side of the Rocky Mountains.<ref name="usgsFRUC1978">{{cite report |last1=Hansen |first1=Wallace R. |last2=Chronic |first2=John |last3=Matelock |first3=John |date=1979|orig-year=first published 1978|title=Climatography of the Front Range Urban Corridor and vicinity, Colorado |work=Geological Survey Professional Paper 1019|publisher=USG Printing Office|place=Washington, DC |url=http://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1019/report.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1019/report.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live |access-date=March 21, 2016 }}</ref>

In summer, this area can have many days above {{convert|95|°F|°C|abbr=on}} and often {{convert|100|°F|°C|abbr=on}}.<ref name="Climate of Colorado">{{cite web |url=http://www.wrcc.dri.edu/narratives/COLORADO.htm |title=Climate of Colorado |website=Wrcc.dri.edu |access-date=April 1, 2016 |archive-date=April 7, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160407210955/http://www.wrcc.dri.edu/narratives/COLORADO.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> On the plains, the winter lows usually range from {{convert|25|to|-10|F|C}}. About 75% of the precipitation falls within the growing season, from April to September, but this area is very prone to droughts. Most of the precipitation comes from thunderstorms, which can be severe, and from major snowstorms that occur in the winter and early spring. Otherwise, winters tend to be mostly dry and cold.<ref name="Denver-Colorado-United-States-of-America">{{cite web|url=http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=096427&refer=&cityname=Denver-Colorado-United-States-of-America|title=Denver, Colorado Travel Weather Averages|publisher=Weatherbase |access-date=July 10, 2013}}</ref>

In much of the region, March is the snowiest month. April and May are normally the rainiest months, while April is the wettest month overall. The Front Range cities closer to the mountains tend to be warmer in the winter due to [[Chinook wind]]s which warms the area, sometimes bringing temperatures of {{convert|70|°F|°C|abbr=on}} or higher in the winter.<ref name="Denver-Colorado-United-States-of-America" /> The average July temperature is {{convert|55|°F|°C|abbr=on}} in the morning and {{convert|90|°F|°C|abbr=on}} in the afternoon. The average January temperature is {{convert|18|°F|°C|abbr=on}} in the morning and {{convert|48|°F|°C|abbr=on}} in the afternoon, although variation between consecutive days can be {{convert|40|°F|°C|abbr=on}}.

===Front Range foothills===

Just west of the plains and into the foothills, there is a wide variety of climate types. Locations merely a few miles apart can experience entirely different weather depending on the topography. Most valleys have a semi-arid climate, not unlike the eastern plains, which transitions to an [[alpine climate]] at the highest elevations. Microclimates also exist in local areas that run nearly the entire spectrum of climates, including subtropical highland (''Cfb/Cwb''), humid subtropical (''Cfa''), humid continental (''Dfa/Dfb''), Mediterranean (''Csa/Csb'') and subarctic (''Dfc'').<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.greenhornchamber.org/relocation.html |title=Relocating to Greenhorn Valley |access-date=February 9, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525090433/http://www.greenhornchamber.org/relocation.html |archive-date=May 25, 2017 |url-status=usurped }}</ref>

===Extreme weather===

Extreme weather changes are common in Colorado, although a significant portion of the extreme weather occurs in the least populated areas of the state. Thunderstorms are common east of the Continental Divide in the spring and summer, yet are usually brief. Hail is a common sight in the mountains east of the Divide and across the eastern Plains, especially the northeast part of the state. Hail is the most commonly reported warm-season severe weather hazard, and occasionally causes human injuries, as well as significant property damage.<ref name="Childs">{{cite journal |last = Childs |first = Samuel J. |author2 = R. S. Schumacher |title = An Updated Severe Hail and Tornado Climatology for Eastern Colorado |journal = J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. |volume = 58 |issue = 10 |pages = 2273–2293 |date = 2019 |doi = 10.1175/JAMC-D-19-0098.1 |bibcode = 2019JApMC..58.2273C |doi-access = free }}</ref> The eastern Plains are subject to some of the biggest hail storms in North America.<ref name=ccc/> Notable examples are the severe hailstorms that hit Denver on July 11, 1990,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://denver.cbslocal.com/2014/07/11/historic-denver-hailstorm-was-called-worst-in-american-history/|title=Historic Denver Hailstorm Was Called Worst in American History|date=July 11, 2014}}</ref> and May 8, 2017, the latter being the costliest ever in the state.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.denverpost.com/2017/05/23/hailstorm-costliest-ever-metro-denver/|title=Hailstorm that hammered west metro Denver May 8 is costliest ever for Colorado|date=May 23, 2017}}</ref>

The Eastern Plains are part of the extreme western portion of [[Tornado Alley]]; some damaging tornadoes in the Eastern Plains include the 1990 [[Limon, Colorado|Limon]] [[Fujita scale|F3]] tornado and the [[Tornado outbreak of May 22–27, 2008#Windsor, Colorado|2008 Windsor EF3 tornado]], which devastated a small town.<ref>{{cite web |last =Slater |first =Jane |title =Thursday's Tornado State's 4th Costliest Disaster |publisher =[[KMGH]] |date =May 28, 2008 |url =http://www.thedenverchannel.com/news/16408116/detail.html |access-date =January 25, 2009 |archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20080604044140/http://www.thedenverchannel.com/news/16408116/detail.html |archive-date =June 4, 2008 |url-status =dead |df =mdy-all }}</ref> Portions of the eastern Plains see especially frequent tornadoes, both those spawned from [[mesocyclone]]s in [[supercell]] thunderstorms and from less intense [[landspout]]s, such as within the [[Denver convergence vorticity zone]] (DCVZ).<ref name="Childs"/>

The Plains are also susceptible to occasional floods and particularly severe flash floods, which are caused both by thunderstorms and by the rapid melting of snow in the mountains during warm weather. Notable examples include the [[1965 Denver Flood]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.westword.com/news/the-1965-flood-how-denvers-greatest-disaster-changed-the-city-6668119|title=The 1965 Flood: How Denver's Greatest Disaster Changed the City|first=Alan|last=Prendergast|date=April 29, 2015}}</ref> the [[Big Thompson River]] flooding of 1976 and the [[2013 Colorado floods]]. Hot weather is common during summers in Denver. The city's record in 1901 for the number of consecutive days above {{convert|90|°F|°C|abbr=on}} was broken during the summer of 2008. The new record of 24 consecutive days surpassed the previous record by almost a week.<ref>{{cite web | title =Denver's Consecutive 90 Degree Streaks | publisher =[[National Weather Service]] | access-date =October 10, 2009 | url =http://www.crh.noaa.gov/bou/?n=consec90}}</ref>

Much of Colorado is very dry, with the state averaging only {{convert|17|in|mm|abbr=off|sp=us}} of precipitation per year statewide. The state rarely experiences a time when some portion is not in some degree of drought.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ccc.atmos.colostate.edu/pdfs/ahistoryofdrought.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://ccc.atmos.colostate.edu/pdfs/ahistoryofdrought.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live|title=A History of Drought|access-date=July 30, 2010}}</ref> The lack of precipitation contributes to the severity of wildfires in the state, such as the [[Hayman Fire]] of 2002. Other notable fires include the [[Fourmile Canyon#Fourmile Canyon Fire|Fourmile Canyon Fire]] of 2010, the [[Waldo Canyon Fire]] and [[High Park Fire]] of June 2012, and the [[Black Forest Fire]] of June 2013. Even these fires were exceeded in severity by the [[Pine Gulch Fire]], [[Cameron Peak Fire]], and [[East Troublesome Fire]] in 2020, all being the three largest fires in Colorado history (see [[2020 Colorado wildfires]]). And the Marshall Fire which started on December 30, 2021, while not the largest in state history, was the most destructive ever in terms of property loss (see [[Marshall Fire]]).

However, some of the mountainous regions of Colorado receive a huge amount of moisture from winter snowfalls. The spring melts of these snows often cause great waterflows in the [[Yampa River]], the [[Colorado River]], the Rio Grande, the Arkansas River, the North Platte River, and the South Platte River.

Water flowing out of the Colorado Rocky Mountains is a very significant source of water for the farms, towns, and cities of the southwest states of New Mexico, Arizona, Utah, and Nevada, as well as the Midwest, such as Nebraska and Kansas, and the southern states of Oklahoma and Texas. A significant amount of water is also diverted for use in California; occasionally (formerly naturally and consistently), the flow of water reaches northern Mexico.

===Climate change===

{{Excerpt|Climate change in Colorado|only=paragraphs}}

===Records===

The highest official ambient air temperature ever recorded in Colorado was {{convert|115|°F|°C|1}} on July 20, 2019, at [[John Martin Reservoir|John Martin Dam]]. The lowest official air temperature was {{convert|-61|°F|°C|1}} on February 1, 1985, at [[Maybell, Colorado|Maybell]].<ref name=StateMaxTemps>{{cite web | url = http://lwf.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/pub/data/special/maxtemps.pdf | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20011117050101/http://lwf.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/pub/data/special/maxtemps.pdf | url-status = dead | archive-date = November 17, 2001 | title = Record Highest Temperatures by State | publisher = [[National Climatic Data Center]] | date = January 1, 2004 | access-date = January 11, 2007 }}</ref><ref name=StateMinTemps>{{cite web | url = http://lwf.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/pub/data/special/mintemps.pdf | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20011117050021/http://lwf.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/pub/data/special/mintemps.pdf | url-status = dead | archive-date = November 17, 2001 | title = Record Lowest Temperatures by State | publisher = [[National Climatic Data Center]] | date = January 1, 2004 | access-date = January 11, 2007 }}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" "text-align:center; font-size:90%; margin: 1em auto;"|
|+ Monthly normal high and low temperatures for various Colorado cities<ref>{{cite web|url=http://w2.weather.gov/climate |title=NOAA's National Weather Service—National Climate |website=W2.weather.gov |access-date=April 1, 2016}}</ref>
|+<span style="color:#c00;">(°F)</span> <span style="color:#008800">(°C)</span>
|-
! style="background:#e5afaa; color:#000; height:17px;"| City
! style="background:#e5afaa; color:#000;"| Jan
! style="background:#e5afaa; color:#000;"| Feb
! style="background:#e5afaa; color:#000;"| Mar
! style="background:#e5afaa; color:#000;"| Apr
! style="background:#e5afaa; color:#000;"| May
! style="background:#e5afaa; color:#000;"| Jun
! style="background:#e5afaa; color:#000;"| Jul
! style="background:#e5afaa; color:#000;"| Aug
! style="background:#e5afaa; color:#000;"| Sep
! style="background:#e5afaa; color:#000;"| Oct
! style="background:#e5afaa; color:#000;"| Nov
! style="background:#e5afaa; color:#000;"| Dec
|-
! style="background:#f8f3ca; color:#000; height:16px; text-align:left;"| [[Alamosa]]
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#C00;"| 34/−2<br /><span style="color:#008800">2/−19</span>
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#C00;"| 40/6<br /><span style="color:#008800">4/−14</span>
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#C00;"| 50/17<br /><span style="color:#008800">10/−8</span>
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#C00;"| 59/24<br /><span style="color:#008800">15/−4</span>
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#C00;"| 69/33<br /><span style="color:#008800">21/1</span>
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#C00;"| 79/41<br /><span style="color:#008800">26/5</span>
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#C00;"| 82/47<br /><span style="color:#008800">28/8</span>
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#C00;"| 80/46<br /><span style="color:#008800">27/8</span>
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#C00;"| 73/40<br /><span style="color:#008800">23/4</span>
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#C00;"| 62/25<br /><span style="color:#008800">17/−4</span>
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#C00;"| 47/12<br /><span style="color:#008800">8/−11</span>
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#C00;"| 35/1<br /><span style="color:#008800">2/−17</span>
|-
! style="background:#c5dfe1; color:#000; height:16px; text-align:left;"| [[Colorado Springs]]
| style="text-align:center; background:#c5dfe1; color:#C00;"| 43/18<br /><span style="color:#008800">6/−8</span>
| style="text-align:center; background:#c5dfe1; color:#C00;"| 45/20<br /><span style="color:#008800">7/−7</span>
| style="text-align:center; background:#c5dfe1; color:#C00;"| 52/26<br /><span style="color:#008800">11/−3</span>
| style="text-align:center; background:#c5dfe1; color:#C00;"| 60/33<br /><span style="color:#008800">16/1</span>
| style="text-align:center; background:#c5dfe1; color:#C00;"| 69/43<br /><span style="color:#008800">21/6</span>
| style="text-align:center; background:#c5dfe1; color:#C00;"| 79/51<br /><span style="color:#008800">26/11</span>
| style="text-align:center; background:#c5dfe1; color:#C00;"| 85/57<br /><span style="color:#008800">29/14</span>
| style="text-align:center; background:#c5dfe1; color:#C00;"| 82/56<br /><span style="color:#008800">28/13</span>
| style="text-align:center; background:#c5dfe1; color:#C00;"| 75/47<br /><span style="color:#008800">24/8</span>
| style="text-align:center; background:#c5dfe1; color:#C00;"| 63/36<br /><span style="color:#008800">17/2</span>
| style="text-align:center; background:#c5dfe1; color:#C00;"| 51/25<br /><span style="color:#008800">11/−4</span>
| style="text-align:center; background:#c5dfe1; color:#C00;"| 42/18<br /><span style="color:#008800">6/−8</span>
|-
! style="background:#f8f3ca; color:#000; height:16px; text-align:left;"| [[Denver]]
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#C00;"| 49/20<br /><span style="color:#008800">9/−7</span>
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#C00;"| 49/21<br /><span style="color:#008800">9/−6</span>
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#C00;"| 56/29<br /><span style="color:#008800">13/−2</span>
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#C00;"| 64/35<br /><span style="color:#008800">18/2</span>
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#C00;"| 73/46<br /><span style="color:#008800">23/8</span>
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#C00;"| 84/54<br /><span style="color:#008800">29/12</span>
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#C00;"| 92/61<br /><span style="color:#008800">33/16</span>
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#C00;"| 89/60<br /><span style="color:#008800">32/16</span>
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#C00;"| 81/50<br /><span style="color:#008800">27/10</span>
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#C00;"| 68/37<br /><span style="color:#008800">20/3</span>
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#C00;"| 55/26<br /><span style="color:#008800">13/−3</span>
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#C00;"| 47/18<br /><span style="color:#008800">8/−8</span>
|-
! style="background:#c5dfe1; color:#000; height:16px; text-align:left;"| [[Grand Junction, Colorado|Grand Junction]]
| style="text-align:center; background:#c5dfe1; color:#C00;"| 38/17<br /><span style="color:#008800">3/−8</span>
| style="text-align:center; background:#c5dfe1; color:#C00;"| 45/24<br /><span style="color:#008800">7/−4</span>
| style="text-align:center; background:#c5dfe1; color:#C00;"| 57/31<br /><span style="color:#008800">14/-1</span>
| style="text-align:center; background:#c5dfe1; color:#C00;"| 65/38<br /><span style="color:#008800">18/3</span>
| style="text-align:center; background:#c5dfe1; color:#C00;"| 76/47<br /><span style="color:#008800">24/8</span>
| style="text-align:center; background:#c5dfe1; color:#C00;"| 88/56<br /><span style="color:#008800">31/13</span>
| style="text-align:center; background:#c5dfe1; color:#C00;"| 93/63<br /><span style="color:#008800">34/17</span>
| style="text-align:center; background:#c5dfe1; color:#C00;"| 90/61<br /><span style="color:#008800">32/16</span>
| style="text-align:center; background:#c5dfe1; color:#C00;"| 80/52<br /><span style="color:#008800">27/11</span>
| style="text-align:center; background:#c5dfe1; color:#C00;"| 66/40<br /><span style="color:#008800">19/4</span>
| style="text-align:center; background:#c5dfe1; color:#C00;"| 51/28<br /><span style="color:#008800">11/−2</span>
| style="text-align:center; background:#c5dfe1; color:#C00;"| 39/19<br /><span style="color:#008800">4/−7</span>
|-
! style="background:#f8f3ca; color:#000; height:16px; text-align:left;"| [[Pueblo, Colorado|Pueblo]]
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#C00;"| 47/14<br /><span style="color:#008800">8/−10</span>
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#C00;"| 51/17<br /><span style="color:#008800">11/−8</span>
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#C00;"| 59/26<br /><span style="color:#008800">15/−3</span>
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#C00;"| 67/34<br /><span style="color:#008800">19/1</span>
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#C00;"| 77/44<br /><span style="color:#008800">25/7</span>
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#C00;"| 87/53<br /><span style="color:#008800">31/12</span>
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#C00;"| 93/59<br /><span style="color:#008800">34/15</span>
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#C00;"| 90/58<br /><span style="color:#008800">32/14</span>
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#C00;"| 82/48<br /><span style="color:#008800">28/9</span>
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#C00;"| 69/34<br /><span style="color:#008800">21/1</span>
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#C00;"| 56/23<br /><span style="color:#008800">13/−5</span>
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#C00;"| 46/14<br /><span style="color:#008800">8/−10</span>
|}

===Extreme temperatures===

{{Weather box
| metric first =
| single line = y
| location =    Colorado 
| Jan record high F  =84
| Feb record high F  =88
| Mar record high F  =96
| Apr record high F  =100
| May record high F  =107
| Jun record high F  =114
| Jul record high F  =115
| Aug record high F  =112
| Sep record high F  =108
| Oct record high F  =100
| Nov record high F  =90
| Dec record high F  =88
| Jan record low F  =-56
| Feb record low F  =-61
| Mar record low F  =-44
| Apr record low F  =-30
| May record low F  =-11
| Jun record low F  =10
| Jul record low F  =18
| Aug record low F  =15
| Sep record low F  =-2
| Oct record low F  =-28
| Nov record low F  =-37
| Dec record low F  =-50
| year record low F =
|source = Colorado Climate Center<ref>Colorado Climate Center (extreme temperatures){{cite web
| url = https://climate.colostate.edu/extremes.html
| title = Colorado Climate Center
| access-date = 6 February 2023}}</ref> 
}}

===Earthquakes===

Despite its mountainous terrain, Colorado experiences less seismic activity than states like California and Alaska. There are over 90 potentially active faults, and since 1867, Colorado has experienced 700 recorded earthquakes of magnitude 2.5 or higher.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Earthquakes |url=https://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/hazards/eq/ |access-date=November 27, 2024 |website=[[Colorado Geological Survey]]}}</ref> The U.S. [[National Earthquake Information Center]] is located in [[Golden, Colorado|Golden]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=National Earthquake Information Center (NEIC) |url=https://www.usgs.gov/programs/earthquake-hazards/national-earthquake-information-center-neic |access-date=November 27, 2024 |website=[[United States Geological Survey]]}}</ref>

On August 22, 2011, a [[2011 Colorado earthquake|5.3 magnitude earthquake]] occurred {{convert|9|mi|km}} west-southwest of the city of [[Trinidad, Colorado|Trinidad]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsus/Maps/US2/36.38.-106.-104.php |title=Recent Earthquakes in the U.S.|date=January 17, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117052953/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsus/Maps/US2/36.38.-106.-104.php|archive-date=January 17, 2013|publisher=U.S. Geological Survey}}</ref> There were no casualties and only a small amount of damage was reported. It was the second-largest earthquake in Colorado's history, the largest being a [[1882 Fort Collins earthquake|magnitude 6.6 earthquake]], recorded in 1882.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Admin |first=CGS |date=1882-11-08 |title=Case Study: The Big One - Colorado Geological Survey |url=https://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/1882/46696-case-study-the-big-one/ |access-date=2024-05-05 |work=Colorado Geological Survey |language=en-US}}</ref> Four minor earthquakes rattled Colorado on August 24, 2018, ranging from magnitude 2.9 to 4.3.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.outtherecolorado.com/four-earthquakes-rumble-in-colorado/|title=Four earthquakes rumble Colorado overnight {{!}} OutThere Colorado|date=August 24, 2018|work=OutThere Colorado|access-date=September 10, 2018|archive-date=September 10, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180910204557/https://www.outtherecolorado.com/four-earthquakes-rumble-in-colorado/|url-status=dead}}</ref> {{As of|June 2020}}, there were 525 recorded earthquakes in Colorado since 1973, a majority of which range 2&nbsp;to 3.5 on the Richter scale.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://gazette.com/news/earthquakes-reported-overnight-in-colorado/article_4175d3a8-a7ae-11e8-906e-63e6d8b74878.html|title=3 earthquakes reported overnight in Colorado|last=Forster|first=Liz|work=Colorado Springs Gazette|access-date=|date = 14 June 2020}}</ref>