Editing Cognitive neuroscience (section)

===Mid-late 20th century ===
Several findings in the 20th century continued to advance the field, such as the discovery of [[ocular dominance columns]], recording of single nerve cells in animals, and coordination of eye and head movements. Experimental psychology was also significant in the foundation of cognitive neuroscience. Some particularly important results were the demonstration that some tasks are accomplished via discrete processing stages, the study of attention,<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Carrasco |first1=Marisa |title=Visual attention: The past 25 years |journal=Vision Research |date=2011 |volume=51 |issue=13 |pages=1484–1525 |doi=10.1016/j.visres.2011.04.012|pmid=21549742 |pmc=3390154 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kastner |first1=Sabine |last2=Ungerleider |first2=Leslie G. |title=Mechanisms of visual attention in the human cortex |journal=Annual Review of Neuroscience |date=2000 |volume=23 |pages=315–41|pmid=10845067 |doi=10.1146/annurev.neuro.23.1.315 }}</ref> and the notion that behavioural data do not provide enough information by themselves to explain mental processes. As a result, some experimental psychologists began to investigate neural bases of behaviour. 
Wilder Penfield created maps of primary sensory and motor areas of the brain by stimulating the cortices of patients during surgery. The work of [[Roger Wolcott Sperry|Sperry]] and [[Michael Gazzaniga|Gazzaniga]] on split brain patients in the 1950s was also instrumental in the progress of the field.<ref name=Uttal2011/> The term cognitive neuroscience itself was coined by Gazzaniga and cognitive psychologist [[George Armitage Miller]] while sharing a taxi in 1976.<ref>{{cite book |last=Gazzaniga|first=Michael |author-link=Michael S. Gazzaniga|date=1984|title=Handbook of Cognitive Neuroscience|pages=vii|chapter=Preface}}</ref>

====Brain mapping ====
New brain mapping technology, particularly [[functional magnetic resonance imaging|fMRI]] and [[positron emission tomography|PET]], allowed researchers to investigate experimental strategies of [[cognitive psychology]] by observing brain function. Although this is often thought of as a new method (most of the technology is relatively recent), the underlying principle goes back as far as 1878 when blood flow was first associated with brain function.<ref name="Raichle 2009" /> [[Angelo Mosso]], an Italian psychologist of the 19th century, had monitored the pulsations of the adult brain through neurosurgically created bony defects in the skulls of patients. He noted that when the subjects engaged in tasks such as mathematical calculations the pulsations of the brain increased locally. Such observations led Mosso to conclude that blood flow of the brain followed function.<ref name="Raichle 2009" />

Commonly the cerebrum is divided into 5 sections: the frontal lobe, occipital lobe, temporal lobes, parietal lobe, and the insula.<ref name=":2">{{cite journal |last1=Casillo |first1=Stephanie M. |last2=Luy |first2=Diego D. |last3=Goldschmidt |first3=Ezequiel |title=A History of the Lobes of the Brain |journal=World Neurosurgery |date=February 2020 |volume=134 |pages=353–360 |doi=10.1016/j.wneu.2019.10.155 |pmid=31682988 }}</ref> The brain is also divided into fissures and sulci.<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last=Ribas |first=Guilherme Carvalhal |date=February 2010 |title=The cerebral sulci and gyri |journal=Neurosurgical Focus |volume=28 |issue=2 |pages=E2 |doi=10.3171/2009.11.FOCUS09245 |pmid=20121437 }}</ref> The lateral sulcus called the Sylvian Fissure separates the frontal and temporal lobes. The insula is described as being deep to this lateral fissure. The longitudinal fissure separates the lobes of the brain length-wise. Lobes are considered to be distinct in their distribution of vessels.<ref name=":2" /> The overall surface consists of sulci and gyri which are necessary to identify for neuroimaging purposes.<ref name=":3" />