Editing Cocos Island (section)

===Fauna===

====Terrestrial====

The island has over 400 known species of insects, of which 65 (16%) are endemic. The greatest diversity is found among the [[Lepidoptera]] and [[Formicidae]]. Over 50 species of other arthropods have been described ([[spider]]s, [[centipede]]s, [[millipede]]s, and [[isopod]]s).

Two species of [[lizard]] are found on the island, the [[Cocos Island anole]] (''Anolis townsendi'') and the [[Pacific least gecko]] (''Sphaerodactylus pacificus''); both are endemic.<ref>Chaves, G. & Acosta Chaves, V. (2020). "Anolis townsendi". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T203123A2760813. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/203123/2760813 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240118044204/https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/203123/2760813 |date=2024-01-18 }}. Downloaded on 29 March 2021.</ref><ref> Chaves, G.; Porras, L.W. (2013). "Sphaerodactylus pacificus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2013: e.T203178A2761545. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-2.RLTS.T203178A2761545.en. Retrieved 18 November 2021.</ref> No [[amphibian]]s have been reported.

Nearly 90 bird species have been reported. The island and neighboring rocks are home to large nesting colonies of migratory [[seabird]]s, including the [[brown booby]] (''Sula leucogaster''), [[red-footed booby]] (''Sula sula''), [[great frigatebird]] (''Fregata minor''), [[white tern]] (''Gygis alba'') and [[brown noddy]] (''Anous stolidus''). Seven species of land birds inhabit the island, including three endemics: the [[Cocos cuckoo]] (''Coccyzus ferrugineus''), [[Cocos flycatcher]] (''Nesotriccus ridgwayi'') and [[Cocos finch]] (''Pinaroloxias inornata''), with the latter two being monotypic in their respective genera.<ref>{{cite web|last=Stater|first=Adam|title=Endemic Birds of Cocos Island|url=http://www.anywherecostarica.com/destinations/isla-de-coco-costa-rica|access-date=2013-05-24|archive-date=2013-06-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130613051136/http://www.anywherecostarica.com/destinations/isla-de-coco-costa-rica|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>BirdLife International (2020). "Nesotriccus ridgwayi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T22699191A179473022. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22699191A179473022.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.</ref><ref>BirdLife International (2020). "Cocos Cuckoo Coccyzus ferrugineus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T22684340A178653886. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22684340A178653886.en. Retrieved 25 September 2022.</ref> The island has been designated an [[Important Bird Area]] (IBA) by [[BirdLife International]].<ref name=bli>{{cite web|url= http://datazone.birdlife.org/site/factsheet/cocos-island-iba-costa-rica|title= Cocos Island|author= <!--Not stated-->|date= 2020|website= BirdLife Data Zone|publisher= BirdLife International|access-date= 10 December 2020|archive-date= 10 August 2020|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200810170833/http://datazone.birdlife.org/site/factsheet/cocos-island-iba-costa-rica|url-status= live}}</ref>

The island has no native land [[mammal]] species, but humans have introduced five: pigs, deer, goats, cats, and rats.  Because they harm the local ecosystems by either foraging native flora or preying on native fauna, they are the subject of control efforts.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://wvw.nacion.com/ln_ee/2008/enero/13/aldea1372595.html|title=País en guerra contra especies invasoras de isla del Coco - ALDEA GLOBAL - nacion.com|access-date=2014-02-02|archive-date=2020-11-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201123185018/http://wvw.nacion.com/ln_ee/2008/enero/13/aldea1372595.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

====Marine====

The rich coral reef, volcanic tunnels, caves, massifs and deeper waters surrounding Cocos Island are home to more than 30 species of coral, 60 species of crustaceans, 600 species of molluscs and over 300 species of fish. These include large populations of [[yellowfin tuna]] (''Thunnus albacares''), [[giant manta]]s (''Manta birostris''), [[sailfish]] (''Istiophorus platypterus'') and [[shark]]s, such as [[whitetip reef shark]] (''Triaenodon obesus'') and  [[scalloped hammerhead shark]] (''Sphyrna lewini''). The largest of all species of fish is also present, the [[whale shark]] (''Rhincodon typus''). In December 2017, a female [[tiger shark]] (a species that returned to the waters of Isla del Coco in 2012, after 30 years of not being seen in the area) killed New Yorker Rohina Bhandari while she was scuba diving in Manuelita in the Isla del Coco National Park.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nypost.com/2017/12/03/wall-street-big-killed-by-shark-while-diving-in-costa-rica/|title=Wall Street big killed by shark while diving in Costa Rica|date=3 December 2017|website=NYPost.com|access-date=5 December 2017|archive-date=13 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201013175236/https://nypost.com/2017/12/03/wall-street-big-killed-by-shark-while-diving-in-costa-rica/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.co.cr/shark-attack-in-isla-del-coco-costa-rica/68846/|title=Costa Rica's Ministry of Environment Provides Information on Shark Attack in Isla del Coco – Costa Rica Star News|date=1 December 2017|website=news.co.cr|access-date=5 December 2017|archive-date=20 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231120215124/https://news.co.cr/shark-attack-in-isla-del-coco-costa-rica/68846/|url-status=live}}</ref>

Other large marine animals include [[humpback whale]]s (''Megaptera novaeangliae''), [[orca]]s (''Orcinus orca''), [[pilot whale]]s (''Globicephala macrorhynchus''), [[bottlenose dolphin]]s (''Tursiops truncatus'') and [[California sea lion|sea lions]] (''Zalophus californianus'').<ref>ANNIE. 2012. [http://www.costarica-scuba.com/orca-whales/ Orca Whales] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201023020237/http://www.costarica-scuba.com/orca-whales/ |date=2020-10-23 }}. Costa Rica Scuba.com.  Retrieved on August 25, 2017</ref><ref>Dyer Z.. 2014. [http://www.ticotimes.net/2014/09/10/video-killer-whales-hunt-tiger-shark-near-cocos-island VIDEO: Killer whales hunt tiger shark near Costa Rica's Cocos Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170824221252/http://www.ticotimes.net/2014/09/10/video-killer-whales-hunt-tiger-shark-near-cocos-island |date=2017-08-24 }}. [[The Tico Times]]. Retrieved on August 25, 2017</ref>

There are also reptiles: [[hawksbill turtle]]s (''Eretmochelys imbricata''), [[green turtle]]s (''Chelonia mydas'') and [[olive ridley turtle]]s (''Lepidochelys olivacea'').