Editing Chiropractic (section)

=== Cost-effectiveness ===

A 2012 systematic review suggested that the use of spine manipulation in clinical practice is a [[cost-effective]] treatment when used alone or in combination with other treatment approaches.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Michaleff ZA, Lin CW, Maher CG, van Tulder MW | title = Spinal manipulation epidemiology: Systematic review of cost effectiveness studies | journal = Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology| volume = 22 | issue = 5 | pages = 655–62 | year = 2012 | pmid = 22429823 | doi = 10.1016/j.jelekin.2012.02.011 }}</ref> A 2011 systematic review found evidence supporting the cost-effectiveness of using spinal manipulation for the treatment of sub-acute or chronic low back pain; the results for acute low back pain were insufficient.<ref name=Lin2011>{{cite journal |vauthors=Lin CW, Haas M, Maher CG, Machado LA, van Tulder MW | title = Cost-effectiveness of guideline-endorsed treatments for low back pain: a systematic review | journal = European Spine Journal| volume = 20 | issue = 7 | pages = 1024–38 | year = 2011 | pmid = 21229367 | pmc = 3176706 | doi = 10.1007/s00586-010-1676-3 }}</ref>

A 2006 systematic cost-effectiveness review found that the reported cost-effectiveness of spinal manipulation in the United Kingdom compared favorably with other treatments for back pain, but that reports were based on data from clinical trials without placebo controls and that the specific cost-effectiveness of the treatment (as opposed to non-specific effects) remains uncertain.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Canter PH, Coon JT, Ernst E | title = Cost-Effectiveness of Complementary Therapies in the United Kingdom&nbsp;– A Systematic Review† | journal = Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine| volume = 3 | issue = 4 | pages = 425–32 | year = 2006 | pmid = 17173105 | pmc = 1697737 | doi = 10.1093/ecam/nel044 | url =http://ecam.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/3/4/425 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080511154423/http://ecam.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/3/4/425 | archive-date = 2008-05-11 }}</ref> A 2005 American systematic review of economic evaluations of conservative treatments for low back pain found that significant quality problems in available studies meant that definite conclusions could not be drawn about the most cost-effective intervention.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=van der Roer N, Goossens ME, Evers SM, van Tulder MW | title = What is the most cost-effective treatment for patients with low back pain? a systematic review | journal = Best Practice & Research Clinical Rheumatology| volume = 19 | issue = 4 | pages = 671–84 | year = 2005 | pmid = 15949783 | doi = 10.1016/j.berh.2005.03.007 }}</ref> The cost-effectiveness of maintenance chiropractic care is unknown.<ref name=Leboeuf-Yde-C>{{cite journal |vauthors=Leboeuf-Yde C, Hestbaek L | title = Maintenance care in chiropractic&nbsp;– what do we know? | journal = Chiropractic & Osteopathy| volume = 16 | page = 3 | year = 2008 | pmid = 18466623 | pmc = 2396648 | doi = 10.1186/1746-1340-16-3 | doi-access = free }}</ref>{{Primary source inline|date=July 2021}}

Analysis of a clinical and cost utilization data from the years 2003 to 2005 by an integrative medicine independent physician association (IPA) which looked the chiropractic services utilization found that the clinical and cost utilization of chiropractic services based on 70,274 member-months over a 7-year period decreased patient costs associate with the following use of services by 60% for in-hospital admissions, 59% for hospital days, 62% for outpatient surgeries and procedures, and 85% for pharmaceutical costs when compared with conventional medicine (visit to a medical doctor primary care provider) IPA performance for the same health maintenance organization product in the same geography and time frame.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Sarnat RL, Winterstein J, Cambron JA | title = Clinical Utilization and Cost Outcomes From an Integrative Medicine Independent Physician Association: An Additional 3-Year Update | journal = Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics| volume = 30 | issue = 4 | pages = 263–69 | date = May 2007 | pmid = 17509435 | doi = 10.1016/j.jmpt.2007.03.004 | s2cid = 613004 | url = http://www.jmptonline.org/article/S0161-4754(07)00076-0/abstract }}</ref>