Editing Cerebrospinal fluid (section)

===CSF leak===
{{main|Cerebrospinal fluid leak}}
CSF can leak from the [[dura mater|dura]] as a result of different causes such as physical trauma or a lumbar puncture, or from [[idiopathy|no known cause]] when it is termed a [[spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid leak]].<ref name=DAVIDSONS2010 /> It is usually associated with [[intracranial hypotension]]: low CSF pressure.<ref name=HARRISONS2015 /> It can cause headaches, made worse by standing, moving and coughing,<ref name=HARRISONS2015 /> as the low CSF pressure causes the brain to "sag" downwards and put pressure on its lower structures.<ref name=HARRISONS2015 /> If a leak is identified, a [[beta-2 transferrin]] test of the leaking fluid, when positive, is highly specific and sensitive for the detection for CSF leakage.<ref name=DAVIDSONS2010>{{cite book |editor1-first=Nicki R. |editor1-last=Colledge |editor2-first=Brian R. |editor2-last=Walker |editor3-first=Stuart H. |editor3-last=Ralston | name-list-style = vanc |title=Davidson's principles and practice of medicine |year=2010 |publisher=Churchill Livingstone/Elsevier |location=Edinburgh |isbn=978-0-7020-3084-0 |edition=21st |pages=1147–8}}</ref> [[Medical imaging]] such as CT scans and MRI scans can be used to investigate for a presumed CSF leak when no obvious leak is found but low CSF pressure is identified.<ref name="PALDINO2003">{{cite journal | vauthors = Rosen CL | title = Meningiomas: the role of preoperative angiography and embolization | journal = Neurosurgical Focus | volume = 15 | issue = 4 | pages = 1 p following ECP4 | date = October 2003 | pmid = 15376362 | doi = 10.3171/foc.2003.15.6.8 | doi-access = free }}</ref> [[Caffeine]], given either orally or [[intravenous]]ly, often offers symptomatic relief.<ref name=PALDINO2003 /> Treatment of an identified leak may include injection of a person's blood into the epidural space (an [[epidural blood patch]]), [[spinal surgery]], or [[fibrin glue]].<ref name=PALDINO2003 />