Editing Carnatic music (section)

===Niraval===
{{Main|Niraval}}
Niraval, usually performed by the more advanced performers, consists of singing one or two lines of text of a song repeatedly, but with a series of melodic improvised elaborations.<ref name="Higgins1987">{{cite journal  | last = Higgins |first = J. B.
|title = Performing Arts in India: Essays on Music, Dance, and Drama| journal = Asian Music |volume = 18 | issue = 2 |pages = 103–118  |year = 1987 | doi=10.2307/833942|jstor = 833942
}}</ref> Although niraval consists of extempore melodic variations, generally, the original patterns of duration are maintained;<ref>[[#Randel2003|Randel (2003)]], p562</ref> each word in the lines of text stay set within their original place (''idam'') in the [[Tala (music)|tala]] cycle.<ref name="Viswanathan 1998 p232">[[#NettlRussells1998|Viswanathan & Cormack (1998)]], p232</ref> The lines are then also played at different levels of speed which can include double speed, triple speed, quadruple speed and even [[sextuple]] speed.<ref name="Henry2002">{{cite journal  | last = Henry |first = E. O.
|title = The Rationalization of Intensity in Indian Music| journal = Ethnomusicology |volume = 46 | issue = 1 |pages = 33–35  |year = 2002  | doi = 10.2307/852807  | jstor = 852807  | publisher = Society for Ethnomusicology}}</ref> The improvised elaborations are made with a view of outlining the raga, the tempo, and the theme of the composition.{{citation needed|date=September 2012}}