Editing Canadian English (section)

==== Ontario ====
Canadian raising is quite strong throughout the province of [[Ontario]], except within the [[Ottawa Valley]]. The introduction of Canadian raising to Canada can be attributed to the Scottish and Irish immigrants who arrived in the 18th and 19th centuries. The origins of Canadian raising to Scotland and revealed that the Scottish dialects spoken by these immigrants had a probable impact on its development. This feature impacts the pronunciation of the {{IPA|/aɪ/}} sound in "right" and the {{IPA|/aʊ/}} sound in "lout". Canadian Raising indicates a scenario where the start of the diphthong is nearer to the destination of the glide before voiceless consonants than before voiced consonants.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Thomas |first=Erik R. |date=June 1991 |title=The Origin of Canadian Raising in Ontario |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/canadian-journal-of-linguistics-revue-canadienne-de-linguistique/article/abs/origin-of-canadian-raising-in-ontario/2558C7001D862B8B04EEDDDC9FCA85BD |journal=Canadian Journal of Linguistics / Revue canadienne de linguistique |language=en |volume=36 |issue=2 |pages=147–170 |doi=10.1017/S0008413100014304 |s2cid=149218782 }}</ref> The [[Canadian Shift]] is also a common [[vowel shift]] found in Ontario. The retraction of {{IPA|/æ/}} was found to be more advanced for women in Ontario than for people from the [[Canadian Prairies|Prairies]] or [[Atlantic Canada]] and men.<ref>{{cite journal
| last1   = Chambers
| first1  = J. K.
| title   = Canadian raising
| journal = Canadian Journal of Linguistics / Revue canadienne de linguistique
| date    = Fall 1973
| volume  = 18
| issue   = 2
| pages   = 113–135
| doi     = 10.1017/S0008413100007350
| s2cid = 247196050
}}</ref>

In the southern part of [[Southwestern Ontario]] (roughly in the line south from Sarnia to St. Catharines), despite the existence of many characteristics of West/Central Canadian English, many speakers, especially those under 30, speak a dialect influenced by the [[Inland Northern American English]] dialect (in part due to proximity to cities like Detroit and Buffalo, New York){{citation needed|date=April 2023}} though there are minor differences such as Canadian raising (e.g. "ice" vs "my").

The north and northwestern parts of Southwestern Ontario, the area consisting of the Counties of [[Huron County, Ontario|Huron]], [[Bruce County, Ontario|Bruce]], [[Grey County, Ontario|Grey]], and [[Perth County, Ontario|Perth]], referred to as the "Queen's Bush" in the 19th century, did not experience communication with the dialects of the southern part of Southwestern Ontario and Central Ontario until the early 20th century. Thus, a strong accent similar to Central Ontarian is heard, yet many different phrasings exist. It is typical in the area to drop phonetic sounds to make shorter contractions, such as: ''prolly'' (probably), ''goin{{'}}'' (going), and "Wuts goin' on tonight? D'ya wanna do sumthin'?"{{Clarification needed|reason=This section should be more specific and use the IPA. The 'dropping' described here is unremarkable.|date=July 2023}} It is particularly strong in the County of Bruce, so much that it is commonly referred to as being the Bruce Cownian (Bruce Countian) accent. Also, {{IPA|/ɜr/}} merge with {{IPA|/ɛr/}} to {{IPA|[ɛɹ]}}, with "were" sounding more like "wear".{{Citation needed|date=July 2023}}

Residents of the [[Golden Horseshoe]] (including the [[Greater Toronto Area]]) are known to [[intervocalic alveolar flapping|merge the second {{IPA|/t/|cat=no}} with the {{IPA|/n/|cat=no}}]] in ''Toronto'', pronouncing the name variously as {{IPA|[təˈɹɒɾ̃o]}} or {{IPA|[ˈtɹɒɾ̃o]}}. This is not unique to Toronto; Atlanta is often pronounced "Atlanna" by residents. Sometimes {{IPA|/ð/}} is elided altogether, resulting in "Do you want this one er'iss one?" The word ''southern'' is often pronounced with {{IPA|[aʊ]}}. In the area north of the [[Regional Municipality of York]] and south of [[Parry Sound, Ontario|Parry Sound]], notably among those who were born in the surrounding communities, the cutting down of syllables and consonants often heard, e.g. "probably" is reduced to "prolly" or "probly" when used as a response. In Greater Toronto, the [[diphthong]] tends to be fronted (as a result the word ''about'' is pronounced as {{IPA|[əˈbɛʊt]}}). The Greater Toronto Area is linguistically diverse, with 43 percent of its people having a mother tongue other than English.<ref>{{cite web
| url         = http://www.fin.gov.on.ca/english/economy/demographics/census/cenhi06-8.pdf
| title         = 2006 Census Highlights – Mother tongue and Language
| access-date         = 7 February 2017
| publisher         = [[Ontario]] Ministry of Finance
| archive-date         = 26 March 2009
| archive-url         = https://web.archive.org/web/20090326211244/http://www.fin.gov.on.ca/english/economy/demographics/census/cenhi06-8.pdf
| url-status         = live
}}</ref> As a result [[Toronto slang|Toronto English]] has distinctly more variability than Inland Canada.<ref>Labov pp. 214–215.</ref>

In [[Eastern Ontario]], [[Canadian raising]] is not as strong as it is in the rest of the province. In [[Prescott and Russell United Counties, Ontario|Prescott and Russell]], parts of [[Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry United Counties|Stormont-Dundas-Glengarry]] and Eastern Ottawa, French accents are often mixed with English ones due to the high Franco-Ontarian population there. In [[Lanark County, Ontario|Lanark County]], Western Ottawa and [[Leeds and Grenville United Counties, Ontario|Leeds-Grenville]] and the rest of [[Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry United Counties|Stormont-Dundas-Glengarry]], the accent spoken is nearly identical to that spoken in [[Central Ontario]] and the [[Quinte]] area.

A linguistic enclave has also formed in the [[Ottawa Valley]], heavily influenced by original Scottish, Irish, and German settlers, and existing along the Ontario-Quebec boundary, which has its own distinct accent known as the [[Ottawa Valley twang]] (or brogue).<ref>Henry, Alison. 1992. Infinitives in a For-To Dialect. ''Natural Language & Linguistic Theory'' 2, 279.</ref> Phonetically, the Ottawa Valley twang is characterized by the lack of Canadian raising as well as the [[cot–caught merger]], two common elements of mainstream Canadian English. This accent is quite rare in the region today.<ref>Cheshire, Jenny. (ed.) 1991. ''English Around the World: Sociolinguistic Perspectives''. Cambridge University Press, 134.</ref>