Editing Caesarean section (section)

====Caesarean delivery on maternal request====
{{main|Caesarean delivery on maternal request}}
Caesarean delivery on maternal request (CDMR) is a medically unnecessary caesarean section, where the conduct of a [[childbirth]] via a caesarean section is requested by the [[pregnancy|pregnant]] patient even though there is not a medical [[Indication (medicine)|indication]] to have the surgery.<ref name="NIH">{{cite journal | vauthors = NIH | title = National Institutes of Health state-of-the-science conference statement: Cesarean delivery on maternal request March 27-29, 2006 | journal = Obstetrics and Gynecology | volume = 107 | issue = 6 | pages = 1386–1397 | date = June 2006 | pmid = 16738168 | doi = 10.1097/00006250-200606000-00027 | url = http://consensus.nih.gov/2006/CesareanStatement_Final053106.pdf | url-status = dead | access-date = 30 December 2008 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170118080344/https://consensus.nih.gov/2006/CesareanStatement_Final053106.pdf | archive-date = 18 January 2017 }}</ref> Systematic reviews have found no strong evidence about the impact of caesareans for nonmedical reasons.<ref name="NICE2011" /><ref name="Lavender&nbsp;— non-medical">{{cite journal | vauthors = Lavender T, Hofmeyr GJ, Neilson JP, Kingdon C, Gyte GM | title = Caesarean section for non-medical reasons at term | journal = The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews | volume = 2012 | issue = 3 | pages = CD004660 | date = March 2012 | pmid = 22419296 | pmc = 4171389 | doi = 10.1002/14651858.CD004660.pub3 }}</ref> Recommendations encourage counseling to identify the reasons for the request, addressing anxieties and information, and encouraging vaginal birth.<ref name="NICE2011" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.acog.org/Resources-And-Publications/Committee-Opinions/Committee-on-Ethics/Elective-Surgery-and-Patient-Choice|title=Elective Surgery and Patient Choice – ACOG|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925012637/https://www.acog.org/Resources-And-Publications/Committee-Opinions/Committee-on-Ethics/Elective-Surgery-and-Patient-Choice|archive-date=25 September 2015|url-status=live|access-date=4 October 2015}}</ref> Elective caesareans at 38 weeks in some studies showed increased health complications in the newborn. For this reason [[American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists|ACOG]] and [[National Institute for Health and Care Excellence|NICE]] recommend that elective caesarean sections should not be scheduled before 39 weeks gestation unless there is a medical reason.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Glavind J, Uldbjerg N | title = Elective cesarean delivery at 38 and 39 weeks: neonatal and maternal risks | journal = Current Opinion in Obstetrics & Gynecology | volume = 27 | issue = 2 | pages = 121–127 | date = April 2015 | pmid = 25689238 | doi = 10.1097/gco.0000000000000158 | s2cid = 32050828 }}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/CG132|title=Caesarean section {{!}} Guidance and guidelines {{!}} NICE|website=www.nice.org.uk|date=23 November 2011 |access-date=5 January 2019}}</ref><ref name="ACOG559"/> [[Caesarean section#By urgency|Planned caesarean section]]s may be scheduled earlier if there is a medical reason.<ref name=":1" />