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===Valiant's algorithm=== The [[Analysis of algorithms|worst case running time]] of CYK is <math>\Theta(n^3 \cdot |G|)</math>, where ''n'' is the length of the parsed string and |''G''| is the size of the CNF grammar ''G''. This makes it one of the most efficient algorithms for recognizing general context-free languages in practice. {{harvtxt|Valiant|1975}} gave an extension of the CYK algorithm. His algorithm computes the same parsing table as the CYK algorithm; yet he showed that [[Matrix multiplication algorithm#Sub-cubic algorithms|algorithms for efficient multiplication]] of [[Boolean matrix|matrices with 0-1-entries]] can be utilized for performing this computation. Using the [[Coppersmith–Winograd algorithm]] for multiplying these matrices, this gives an asymptotic worst-case running time of <math>O(n^{2.38} \cdot |G|)</math>. However, the constant term hidden by the [[Big O Notation]] is so large that the Coppersmith–Winograd algorithm is only worthwhile for matrices that are too large to handle on present-day computers {{harv|Knuth|1997}}, and this approach requires subtraction and so is only suitable for recognition. The dependence on efficient matrix multiplication cannot be avoided altogether: {{harvtxt|Lee|2002}} has proved that any parser for context-free grammars working in time <math>O(n^{3-\varepsilon} \cdot |G|)</math> can be effectively converted into an algorithm computing the product of <math>(n \times n)</math>-matrices with 0-1-entries in time <math>O(n^{3 - \varepsilon/3})</math>, and this was extended by Abboud et al.<ref>{{cite arXiv|last1=Abboud|first1=Amir|last2=Backurs|first2=Arturs|last3=Williams|first3=Virginia Vassilevska|date=2015-11-05|title=If the Current Clique Algorithms are Optimal, so is Valiant's Parser|class=cs.CC|eprint=1504.01431}}</ref> to apply to a constant-size grammar.
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