Editing Bordeaux (section)

== Economy ==
Bordeaux is a major centre for business in France as it has the sixth largest metropolitan population in France. It serves as a major regional center for trade, administration, services and industry.

=== Wine ===
{{Main|Bordeaux wine}}
[[File:Haut Brion exterior.jpg|250px|thumb|[[Château Haut-Brion]]]]

The vine was introduced to the Bordeaux region by the Romans, probably in the mid-first century, to provide wine for local consumption, and wine production has been continuous in the region since.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Johnson |first=Hugh |title=World Atlas of Wine |publisher=Octopus Publishing Group Ltd |year=1994 |edition=4th |location=London |page=13}}</ref>

[[File:1 Saint-Émilion aerial pano 2016.jpg|250px|thumb|[[Saint-Émilion]] aerial view]]

Bordeaux wine growing area has about {{convert|116160|ha|acre}} of [[vineyard]]s, 57 [[appellations]], 10,000 wine-producing estates (châteaux) and 13,000 grape growers. With an annual production of approximately 960&nbsp;million bottles,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bordeaux Wine Region in France: World's Most Famous Fine Wine Region |date=16 March 2007 |url=http://www.intowine.com/bordeaux.html |access-date=23 October 2009 |publisher=IntoWine.com |archive-date=19 September 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090919012556/http://www.intowine.com/bordeaux.html |url-status=live}}</ref> the Bordeaux area produces large quantities of everyday wine as well as some of the most expensive wines in the world. Included among the latter are the area's five ''premier cru'' ([[First Growth]]) red wines (four from [[Médoc]] and one, [[Château Haut-Brion]], from [[Graves (wine region)|Graves]]), established by the [[Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855]]:

Both red and white wines are made in the Bordeaux region. Red Bordeaux wine is called [[claret]] in the United Kingdom. Red wines are generally made from a blend of grapes, and may be made from [[Cabernet Sauvignon]], [[Merlot]], [[Cabernet Franc]], [[Petit verdot]], [[Malbec]], and, less commonly in recent years, [[Carménère]].

White Bordeaux is made from [[Sauvignon blanc]], [[Sémillon]], and [[Muscadelle]]. [[Graves (wine region)|Sauternes]] is a sub-region of Graves known for its intensely sweet, white, [[dessert wine]]s such as [[Château d'Yquem]].

Because of a wine glut ([[wine lake]]) in the generic production, the price squeeze induced by an increasingly strong international competition, and [[vine pull schemes]], the number of growers has recently dropped from 14,000 and the area under vine has also decreased significantly. In the meantime, the global demand for first growths and the most famous labels markedly increased and their prices skyrocketed.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mercer |first=Chris |date=2023-03-03 |title=Bordeaux agrees funding to pull up vineyards |url=https://www.decanter.com/wine-news/bordeaux-agrees-funding-to-pull-up-vineyards-498764/ |access-date=2024-04-22 |website=Decanter |language=en}}</ref>

The [[Cité du Vin]], a museum as well as a place of exhibitions, shows, movie projections and academic seminars on the theme of wine opened its doors in June 2016.<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 February 2016 |title=Bordeaux : la Cité du vin cernée par les chantiers |url=http://www.sudouest.fr/2016/02/19/la-cite-du-vin-cernee-par-les-chantiers-2278033-2780.php |language=fr |access-date=22 February 2016 |archive-date=22 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160222074509/http://www.sudouest.fr/2016/02/19/la-cite-du-vin-cernee-par-les-chantiers-2278033-2780.php |url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Others ===
The [[Laser Mégajoule]] will be one of the most powerful lasers in the world, allowing [[Research|fundamental research]] and the development of the [[laser]] and [[plasma (physics)|plasma]] technologies.

Some 15,000 people work for the aeronautic industry in Bordeaux.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://onboard.thalesgroup.com/thales-building-factory-future-bordeaux-region/|title=Thales building its factory of the future in the Bordeaux region|date=5 February 2015 |publisher=Thales Aerospace Blog|access-date=24 June 2024}}</ref> The city has some of the biggest companies including [[Dassault Aviation|Dassault]], [[EADS Sogerma]], [[Snecma]], [[Thales Group|Thales]], SNPE, and others. The [[Dassault Aviation|Dassault Falcon]] private jets are built there as well as the [[military aircraft]] [[Dassault Rafale|Rafale]] and [[Dassault Mirage 2000|Mirage 2000]], the [[Airbus A380]] [[cockpit]], the [[Booster (rocketry)|boosters]] of [[Ariane 5]], and the [[M51 (missile)|M51 SLBM]] [[missile]].

Tourism, especially [[wine tourism]], is a major industry. Globelink.co.uk mentioned Bordeaux as the best tourist destination in Europe in 2015.<ref>{{Cite web |title=3 Best Places to Retire in France |url=http://www.globelink.co.uk/articles/country-information/france/3-best-places-to-retire-in-france.html |access-date=2 August 2016 |publisher=Globelink.co.uk |archive-date=18 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818022942/http://www.globelink.co.uk/articles/country-information/france/3-best-places-to-retire-in-france.html |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Gourmet Touring]] is a tourism company operating in the Bordeaux wine region.

Access to the [[Port of Bordeaux|port]] from the Atlantic is via the [[Gironde estuary]]. Almost nine million tonnes of goods arrive and leave each year.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History {{!}} Port de Bordeaux |url=https://www.bordeaux-port.fr/en/port-bordeaux/history |access-date=23 June 2021 |website=www.bordeaux-port.fr |archive-date=15 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200215031446/https://www.bordeaux-port.fr/en/port-bordeaux/history |url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Major companies ===
This list includes indigenous Bordeaux-based companies and companies that have major presence in Bordeaux, but are not necessarily headquartered there.
[[File:Dassault Falcon 7X assembly line at Merignac.jpg|250px|thumb|Dassault Falcon 7X assembly line at Merignac]]
* [[Arena (swimwear)|Arena]]
* [[Groupe Bernard]]
* [[Groupe Castel]]
* [[Cdiscount]]
* [[Dassault Group|Dassault]]
* [[Jock (company)|Jock]]
* [[Marie Brizard et Roger International|Marie Brizard]]
* [[McKesson Corporation]]
* [[Oxbow (surfwear)|Oxbow]]
* [[Pernod Ricard|Ricard]]
* [[Sanofi-Aventis|Sanofi Aventis]]
* [[Smurfit Kappa]]
* [[Snecma]]
* [[Solectron]]
* [[Thales Group]]
* [https://toursinbordeaux.com/ Tours in Bordeaux]