Editing Beagle (section)

==Health==
A 2024 study in the UK found a life expectancy of 12.5 years compared to an average of 12.7 for purebreeds and 12 for [[Mongrel|crossbreeds]].<ref>{{cite journal | last1=McMillan | first1=Kirsten M. | last2=Bielby | first2=Jon | last3=Williams | first3=Carys L. | last4=Upjohn | first4=Melissa M. | last5=Casey | first5=Rachel A. | last6=Christley | first6=Robert M. | title=Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death | journal=Scientific Reports | publisher=Springer Science and Business Media LLC | volume=14 | issue=1 | date=1 February 2024 | issn=2045-2322 | doi=10.1038/s41598-023-50458-w | page=531| pmid=38302530 | pmc=10834484 | bibcode=2024NatSR..14..531M }}</ref> A 2024 Italian study found a life expectancy of 11 years for the breed compared to 10 years overall.<ref>{{cite journal | last1=Roccaro | first1=Mariana | last2=Salini | first2=Romolo | last3=Pietra | first3=Marco | last4=Sgorbini | first4=Micaela | last5=Gori | first5=Eleonora | last6=Dondi | first6=Maurizio | last7=Crisi | first7=Paolo E. | last8=Conte | first8=Annamaria | last9=Dalla Villa | first9=Paolo | last10=Podaliri | first10=Michele | last11=Ciaramella | first11=Paolo | last12=Di Palma | first12=Cristina | last13=Passantino | first13=Annamaria | last14=Porciello | first14=Francesco | last15=Gianella | first15=Paola | last16=Guglielmini | first16=Carlo | last17=Alborali | first17=Giovanni L. | last18=Rota Nodari | first18=Sara | last19=Sabatelli | first19=Sonia | last20=Peli | first20=Angelo | title=Factors related to longevity and mortality of dogs in Italy | journal=Preventive Veterinary Medicine | volume=225 | date=2024 | doi=10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106155 | page=106155| doi-access=free | pmid=38394961 | hdl=11585/961937 | hdl-access=free }}</ref>

Beagles may be prone to [[epilepsy]], but this can often be controlled with medication. [[Hypothyroidism in dogs|Hypothyroidism]] and a number of types of [[dwarfism]] occur in Beagles. Two conditions in particular are unique to the breed: "Funny Puppy", in which the puppy is slow to develop and eventually develops weak legs, a crooked back and although normally healthy, is prone to a range of illnesses;<ref name="Probs">{{cite web|url=http://clubs.akc.org/NBC/beagle_health_problems.htm|title=Beagle Health Problems|publisher=American Kennel Club|access-date=9 July 2007| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070611181229/http://clubs.akc.org/NBC/beagle_health_problems.htm| archive-date = 11 June 2007}}</ref> and [[Musladin-Lueke syndrome]] (MLS) in which the eyes are slanted and the outer toes are underdeveloped but otherwise development is as normal.<ref name=thebeagleclub1>{{cite web|publisher=The Beagle Club|url=http://www.thebeagleclub.org/users/UserFiles/File/The%20Beagle-health%20leaflet%202018%20Final%20Version2.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.thebeagleclub.org/users/UserFiles/File/The%20Beagle-health%20leaflet%202018%20Final%20Version2.pdf |archive-date=9 October 2022 |url-status=live|title=The Beagle – A Healthy Breed|date=Jun 2019}}</ref> [[Hip dysplasia (canine)|Hip dysplasia]], common in Harriers and in some larger breeds, is rarely considered a problem in Beagles.<ref>{{harvnb|Rice|2000|p=161}}</ref> Beagles are considered a [[chondrodystrophy|chondrodystrophic]] breed, meaning that they are prone to types of disk diseases.<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://www.spinejournal.com/pt/re/spine/abstract.00007632-200605010-00005.htm;jsessionid=L2pTpfpWkgBFWsmLcwG6hQ6Qv3pwkvpgnK2Gxpz06bnGwSgLNBmH!-815685239!181195629!8091!-1 |title=Spine – Abstract: Volume 31(10) May 1, 2006 p 1094-1099 Notochord Cells Regulate Intervertebral Disc Chondrocyte Proteoglycan Production and Cell Proliferation |journal=Spine |date=May 2006 |volume=31 |issue=10 |pages=1094–1099 |publisher=Spinejournal.com |doi=10.1097/01.brs.0000216593.97157.dd |access-date=3 November 2008|last1=Erwin |first1=W. Mark |last2=Inman |first2=Robert D. |pmid=16648742 |s2cid=23470450 }}</ref>

[[File:Beagle 745.jpg|thumb|Weight gain can be a problem in older or sedentary dogs, which in turn can lead to heart and joint problems.]]

In rare cases, Beagles may develop [[immune mediated polygenic arthritis]] (where the immune system attacks the joints) even at a young age. The symptoms can sometimes be relieved by [[Corticosteroid#Uses|steroid]] treatments.<ref name="Probs" /> Another rare disease in the breed is neonatal [[Cerebellar abiotrophy|cerebellar cortical degeneration]]. Affected puppies are slow, have lower co-ordination, fall more often, and do not have a normal gait. It has an estimated carrier rate of 5% and affected rate of 0.1%. A genetic test is available.<ref>{{cite web|title=Neonatal Cerebellar Cortical Degeneration|url=http://www.aht.org.uk/cms-display/genetics_nccd.html|publisher=Animal Health Trust|access-date=13 May 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130323150342/http://www.aht.org.uk/cms-display/genetics_nccd.html|archive-date=23 March 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Frequency of the neonatal cerebellar cortical degeneration (NCCD) mutations in Beagles in the UK|url=http://www.aht.org.uk/skins/Default/pdfs/NCCD_Frequency_Report.pdf|publisher=Kennel Club Genetics Centre at the Animal Health Trust|access-date=13 May 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006134215/http://www.aht.org.uk/skins/Default/pdfs/NCCD_Frequency_Report.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Their long floppy ears can mean that the inner ear does not receive a substantial air flow or that moist air becomes trapped, and this can lead to ear infections. Beagles may also be affected by a range of eye problems; two common ophthalmic conditions in beagles are [[Canine glaucoma|glaucoma]] and [[Corneal dystrophies in dogs|corneal dystrophy]].<ref>{{cite book|editor=Gelatt, Kirk N.|title=Veterinary Ophthalmology|edition=3rd|publisher=Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins|year=1999|pages=656, 718|isbn=0-683-30076-8}}</ref> "[[Cherry eye]]", a prolapse of the gland of the [[third eyelid]], and [[distichiasis]], a condition in which eyelashes grow into the eye causing irritation, sometimes exist; both these conditions can be corrected with surgery.<ref name="Probs" /> They can suffer from several types of [[retinal atrophy]]. Failure of the nasolacrimal drainage system can cause dry eye or leakage of tears onto the face.<ref name="Probs" /> The cause of primary open angle glaucoma in the Beagle is an [[autosomal recessive]] mutation in the [[ADAMTS10]] gene.<ref>{{cite book |author1-first=James A.C. |author1-last=Oliver |author2-first=Cathryn S. |author2-last=Mellersh | editor1-first=Barbara | editor1-last=Cooper | editor2-first=Elizabeth |editor2-last=Mullineaux |editor3-first=Lynn | editor3-last=Turner |title=BSAVA Textbook of Veterinary Nursing |date=2020 |publisher=British Small Animal Veterinary Association |isbn=978-1-910-44339-2 |edition=Sixth|chapter=Genetics| page=131}}</ref>

As field dogs they are prone to minor injuries such as cuts and sprains, and, if inactive, obesity is a common problem as they will eat whenever food is available and rely on their owners to regulate their weight.<ref name="Probs" /> When working or running free they are also likely to pick up parasites such as [[flea]]s, [[tick]]s, [[harvest mite]]s, and [[tapeworm]]s, and irritants such as grass seeds can become trapped in their eyes, soft ears, or paws.<ref>{{harvnb|Rice|2000|pp=167–74}}</ref>

Beagles may exhibit a behaviour known as [[reverse sneezing]], in which they sound as if they are choking or gasping for breath, but are actually drawing air in through the mouth and nose. The exact cause of this behaviour is not known, but it can be a common occurrence and is not harmful to the dog.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.beagleclubvictoria.com/faq.asp|title=FAQ|publisher=Beagle Club of Victoria|access-date=9 July 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070804125149/http://www.beagleclubvictoria.com/faq.asp |archive-date=4 August 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Canine juvenile polyarteritis syndrome, also known as juvenile polyarteritis syndrome of beagle dogs is a multisystemic necrotising vasculitis of the small arteries.<ref>{{cite book | last1=Rhodes | first1=Karen Helton | last2=Werner | first2=Alexander H. | title=Blackwell's Five-Minute Veterinary Consult Clinical Companion | publisher=Wiley-Blackwell | publication-place=Ames, Iowa | date=25 January 2011 | isbn=978-0-8138-1596-1 | page=249}}</ref> The condition is characterised by a reoccurrent acute fever and [[cervicalgia]] over a period of 3-7 days.<ref name="cjp">{{cite journal | last1=Snyder | first1=P. W. | last2=Kazacos | first2=E. A. | last3=Scott-Moncrieff | first3=J. C. | last4=HogenEsch | first4=H. | last5=Carlton | first5=W. W. | last6=Glickman | first6=L. T. | last7=Felsburg | first7=P. J. | title=Pathologic Features of Naturally Occurring Juvenile Polyarteritis in Beagle Dogs | journal=Veterinary Pathology | publisher=SAGE Publications | volume=32 | issue=4 | year=1995 | issn=0300-9858 | doi=10.1177/030098589503200401 | pages=337–345| pmid=7483207 }}</ref> The Beagle is predisposed with most reports concerning the breed — whence the name 'Beagle pain syndrome'.<ref name="cjp"/><ref>Peace TA, Goodchild LR, Vasconcelos DY: What's your diagnosis? Fever and leukocytosis in a young beagle. Canine juvenile polyarteritis syndrome (beagle pain syndrome). Lab Anim (NY) 2001 Vol 30 (5) pp. 23-26.</ref>