Editing Battle of the Nile (section)

===Legacy===
The Battle of the Nile remains one of the Royal Navy's most famous victories,<ref name="J&R216">[[#Reference-Jordan|Jordan & Rogers, p. 216]]</ref> and has remained prominent in the British popular imagination, sustained by its depiction in a large number of cartoons, paintings, poems, and plays.<ref name="IG69">[[#Reference-Germani|Germani, p. 69]]</ref> One of the best known poems about the battle is ''[[Casabianca (poem)|Casabianca]]'', which was written by [[Felicia Dorothea Hemans]] in 1826 and gives a fictional account of the actual death of the French Captain Casabianca's son on ''Orient'', i.e. the boy who famously "stood on the burning deck" was French.<ref name="ODNBHemans">{{cite ODNB |last=Sweet |first=Nanora |title=Hemans, Felicia Dorothea |year=2004 |doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/12888 |url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/12888 |access-date=21 October 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305165349/http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/12888 |archive-date=5 March 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Monuments were raised, including [[Cleopatra's Needle (London)|Cleopatra's Needle]] in London. [[Muhammad Ali of Egypt]] gave the monument in 1819 in recognition of the battle of 1798 and the campaign of 1801 but Great Britain did not erect it on the [[Victoria Embankment]] until 1878.<ref name="MB93">[[#Reference-Baker|Baker, p. 93]]</ref> Another memorial, the [[Nile Clumps]] near [[Amesbury]], consists of stands of [[beech]] trees purportedly planted by [[Charles Douglas, 6th Marquess of Queensberry|Lord Queensbury]] at the behest of Lady Hamilton and [[Sir Thomas Hardy, 1st Baronet|Thomas Hardy]] after Nelson's death. The trees form a plan of the battle; each clump represents the position of a British or French ship.<ref name="Clumps">{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/howaboutthat/5230560/Battle-of-the-Nile-tree-clumps-pinpointed-for-visitors-by-National-Trust.html|title=Battle of the Nile tree clumps pinpointed for visitors by National Trust|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|date=27 April 2009|author=Richard Savill|access-date=20 October 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091220035134/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/howaboutthat/5230560/Battle-of-the-Nile-tree-clumps-pinpointed-for-visitors-by-National-Trust.html|archive-date=20 December 2009|url-status=live}}</ref>

On the Hall Place estate, Burchetts Green, Berkshire (now [[Berkshire College of Agriculture]]), a double line of oak trees, each tree representing a ship of the opposing fleets, was planted by William East, Baronet, in celebration of the victory. He also constructed a scale-sized pyramid and a life-sized statue of Nelson on the highest point of the estate.

The composer [[Joseph Haydn]] had just completed the [[Missa in Angustiis]] (mass for troubled times) after [[Napoleon Bonaparte]] had defeated the Austrian army in four major battles. The well received news of France's defeat at the Nile however resulted in the mass gradually acquiring the nickname ''Lord Nelson Mass''. The title became indelible when, in 1800, Nelson himself visited the [[Palais Esterházy]], accompanied by his mistress, [[Emma, Lady Hamilton|Lady Hamilton]], and may have heard the mass performed.<ref name="Deutsch">Deutsch pp. 60–62</ref>

The Royal Navy commemorated the battle with the ship names {{HMS|Aboukir}}, {{HMS|Nile}} and {{HMS|Canopus}},{{sfnp|Manning|Walker|1959|pp=68, 128, 316}} and in 1998 commemorated the 200th anniversary of the battle with a visit to Aboukir Bay by the modern frigate {{HMS|Somerset|F82|6}}, whose crew laid wreaths in memory of those who lost their lives in the battle.<ref name="Somerset">{{cite web|url=http://www.thenewscentre.co.uk/nelson/decade.htm |title=Decade to mark the naval hero's battles |location=Portsmouth |year=1998 |author=Adrian Wills |access-date=20 October 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080908043425/http://www.thenewscentre.co.uk/nelson/decade.htm |archive-date=8 September 2008 }}</ref>

In [[John le Carré]]'s novel [[Smiley's People]] there is mention of a bar on Battle of the Nile Street named 'The Defeated Frog'.

==== Archaeology ====
Although Nelson biographer [[Ernle Bradford]] assumed in 1977 that the remains of ''Orient'' "are almost certainly unrecoverable,"<ref name="EB208">[[#Reference-Bradford|Bradford, p. 208]]</ref> the first archaeological investigation into the battle began in 1983, when a French survey team under Jacques Dumas discovered the wreck of the French flagship. [[Franck Goddio]] later took over the work, leading a major project to explore the bay in 1998. He found that material was scattered over an area {{convert|500|m|yd}} in diameter. In addition to military and nautical equipment, Goddio recovered a large number of gold and silver coins from countries across the Mediterranean, some from the 17th century. It is likely that these were part of the treasure taken from Malta that was lost in the explosion aboard ''Orient''.<ref name="FGSinterview">{{cite web|url=http://www.franckgoddio.org/Sitemap/Project/ProjectArticel.aspx?ProjectName=Napoleon&Layout=B&XmlDocument=0003.xml|title=Interview with Franck Goddio, June 28, 1999|publisher=Franck Goddio Society|date=28 June 1999|access-date=20 October 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090929041618/http://www.franckgoddio.org/Sitemap/Project/ProjectArticel.aspx?ProjectName=Napoleon&Layout=B&XmlDocument=0003.xml|archive-date=29 September 2009|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2000, Italian archaeologist Paolo Gallo led an excavation focusing on ancient ruins on Nelson's Island. It uncovered a number of graves that date from the battle, as well as others buried there during the 1801 invasion.<ref name="BBC1">{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/empire_seapower/women_nelson_navy_05.shtml|title=Burials on Nelson's Island|work=BBC History|date=15 February 2004|author=Nick Slope|access-date=20 October 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090213044239/http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/empire_seapower/women_nelson_navy_05.shtml|archive-date=13 February 2009|url-status=live}}</ref> These graves, which included a woman and three children, were relocated in 2005 to a cemetery at [[Shatby]] in Alexandria. The reburial was attended by sailors from the modern frigate {{HMS|Chatham|F87|6}} and a band from the [[Egyptian Navy]], as well as a descendant of the only identified burial, Commander James Russell.<ref name="BBC2">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/4444643.stm|title=Nelson's troops reburied in Egypt|work=BBC News|date=14 April 2005|access-date=20 October 2009}}</ref>