Editing Bangkok (section)

==Economy==
[[File:4Y1A1159 Bangkok (33536795515).jpg|alt=Lots of skyscrapers|thumb|[[MahaNakhon]], the city's tallest building from 2016 to 2018, stands among the skyscrapers of [[Sathon Road]], one of Bangkok's main financial districts.]]
Bangkok is the [[Economy of Thailand|economic centre of Thailand]], and the heart of the country's investment and development. In 2022, the city had an economic output of 5.747&nbsp;trillion [[baht]] (US$164&nbsp;billion). This amounted to a per-capita GDP value of 634,109 [[Thai baht|baht]] ($18,100), more than twice the national average. The Bangkok Metropolitan Region had a combined output of 8.096&nbsp;trillion baht ($232&nbsp;billion).<ref name=GPP/>

Wholesale and retail trade is the largest sector in the city's economy, contributing 24 per cent of Bangkok's gross provincial product. It is followed by manufacturing (14.3 per cent); real estate, renting and business activities (12.4 per cent); transport and communications (11.6 per cent); and financial intermediation (11.1 per cent). Bangkok alone accounts for 48.4 per cent of Thailand's service sector, which in turn constitutes 49 per cent of GDP. When the Bangkok Metropolitan Region is considered, manufacturing is the most significant contributor at 28.2 per cent of the gross regional product, reflecting the density of industry in Bangkok's neighbouring provinces.<ref>NESDB 2012, pp.48–49, 62–63, 218–219.</ref> [[Automotive industry in Thailand|The automotive industry]], based around Greater Bangkok, is the largest production hub in Southeast Asia.<ref>Naudin (ed.) 2010, p.&nbsp;83.</ref> Tourism is also a significant contributor to Bangkok's economy, generating 427.5&nbsp;billion baht ($13.38&nbsp;billion) in revenue in 2010.<ref name="internal tourism"/>

[[File:Bangkok Siam Pathumwan.jpg|thumb|left|alt=Many low-rise buildings in the foreground, with an elevated rail line and several medium box-saped buildings beyond; many tall buildings in the background|The [[Siam area]] is home to multiple shopping centres catering to both the middle and upper classes and tourists.]]

The [[Stock Exchange of Thailand]] (SET) is on Ratchadaphisek Road in inner Bangkok. The SET, together with the Market for Alternative Investment (MAI), has 648 listed companies as of the end of 2011, with a combined market capitalization of 8.485&nbsp;trillion baht ($267.64&nbsp;billion).<ref>Stock Exchange of Thailand 2012, pp.&nbsp;22, 25.</ref> Due to the large amount of foreign representation, Thailand has for several years been a mainstay of the Southeast Asian economy and a centre of Asian business. The [[Globalization and World Cities Research Network]] ranks Bangkok as an "Alpha -" [[world city]], and it is ranked 59th in Z/Yen's ''[[Global Financial Centres Index]] 11''.<ref>{{cite web |title=The World According to GaWC 2020 |url=https://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/world2020t.html |website=GaWC – Research Network |publisher=Globalization and World Cities |access-date=31 August 2020 |archive-date=24 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200824031341/https://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/world2020t.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|first=Mark|last=Yeandle|title=The Global Financial Centres Index 11|date=March 2012|isbn=978-0-9546207-7-6|publisher=Long Finance|url=http://www.longfinance.net/Publications/GFCI%2011.pdf|access-date=25 September 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120319194027/http://www.longfinance.net/Publications/GFCI%2011.pdf|archive-date=19 March 2012|page=5}}</ref>

Bangkok is home to the headquarters of all of Thailand's major commercial banks and financial institutions, as well as the country's largest companies. Many multinational corporations base their regional headquarters in Bangkok due to the lower cost of labour and operations relative to other major Asian business centres. Seventeen Thai companies are listed on the [[Forbes 2000]], all of which are based in the capital,<ref>{{cite web|title=The World's Biggest Public Companies|url=https://www.forbes.com/global2000/|date=April 2012|access-date=25 September 2012|website=Forbes.com|archive-date=21 December 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121221222151/http://www.forbes.com/global2000/|url-status=live}}</ref> including [[PTT Public Company Limited|PTT]], the only [[Fortune Global 500]] company in Thailand.<ref>{{cite web|title=Fortune's annual ranking of the world's largest corporations|url=https://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/global500/2012/full_list/index.html|date=July 2012|access-date=23 July 2012|website=CNN|archive-date=24 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210124234422/https://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/global500/2012/full_list/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

Income inequality is a major issue in Bangkok, especially between relatively unskilled lower-income immigrants from rural provinces and neighbouring countries, and middle-class professionals and business elites. Although absolute poverty rates are low—only 0.64 per cent of Bangkok's registered residents were living under the poverty line in 2010, compared to a national average of 7.75 per cent—economic disparity is still substantial.<ref>{{cite web |title=ตารางที่ 1.2 สัดส่วนคนจนด้านรายจ่าย จำแนกตามภาคและพื้นที่ ปี พ.ศ. 2531–2553 (Poverty rates by expenses, sorted by region and area, 1988–2010) |url=http://social.nesdb.go.th/SocialStat/StatReport_Final.aspx?reportid=299&template=2R1C&yeartype=M&subcatid=31 |language=th |publisher=Office of the National Economic and Social Development Board |date=26 September 2011 |access-date=25 September 2012 |website=Social and Quality of Life Database System |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150904061248/http://social.nesdb.go.th/SocialStat/StatReport_Final.aspx?reportid=299&template=2R1C&yeartype=M&subcatid=31 |archive-date=4 September 2015 }}</ref> The city has a [[Gini coefficient]] of 0.48, indicating a high level of inequality.<ref>{{cite book|first1=Eduardo López |last1=Moreno |first2=Oyebanji |last2=Oyeyinka |first3=Gora |last3=Mboup |title=State of the World's Cities 2010/2011 – Cities for All: Bridging the Urban Divide |publisher=Earthscan |place=London, Sterling, VA |year=2008 |isbn=978-1-84971-176-0 |access-date=25 September 2012 |url=http://www.unhabitat.org/pmss/getElectronicVersion.aspx?nr=2917&alt=1|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120523102723/http://www.unhabitat.org/pmss/getElectronicVersion.aspx?nr=2917&alt=1 |archive-date=23 May 2012 |page=194}}</ref>
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