Editing Antibiotic (section)

==Classes==
{{Main|List of antibiotics}}
<div class="skin-invert-image>
<gallery mode="packed" widths="360px" heights="280">
File:Antibiotics action.svg|Molecular targets of antibiotics on the bacteria cell
File:Protein synthesis inhibitors antibiotic.png|Protein synthesis inhibitors (antibiotics)
</gallery>
</div>
Antibiotics are commonly classified based on their [[mechanism of action]], [[chemical structure]], or spectrum of activity. Most target bacterial functions or growth processes.<ref name="CALDERIN2007"/> Those that target the bacterial cell wall ([[penicillin]]s and [[cephalosporin]]s) or the cell membrane ([[polymyxin]]s), or interfere with essential bacterial enzymes ([[rifamycin]]s, [[lipiarmycin]]s, [[quinolone antibiotic|quinolones]], and [[sulfonamide (medicine)|sulfonamides]]) have [[bactericide|bactericidal]] activities, killing the bacteria. [[Protein synthesis inhibitor]]s ([[macrolide]]s, [[lincosamides]], and [[tetracycline]]s) are usually [[bacteriostatic]], inhibiting further growth (with the exception of bactericidal [[aminoglycoside]]s).<ref name="The importance of bactericidal drugs: future directions in infectious disease"/> Further categorization is based on their target specificity. "Narrow-spectrum" antibiotics target specific types of bacteria, such as [[gram-negative]] or [[gram-positive]], whereas [[broad-spectrum antibiotics]] affect a wide range of bacteria. Following a 40-year break in discovering classes of antibacterial compounds, four new classes of antibiotics were introduced to clinical use in the late 2000s and early 2010s: cyclic [[lipopeptide]]s (such as [[daptomycin]]), [[glycylcyclines]] (such as [[tigecycline]]), [[oxazolidinone]]s (such as [[linezolid]]), and [[lipiarmycin]]s (such as [[fidaxomicin]]).<ref>{{cite book |vauthors= Cunha BA |title= Antibiotic Essentials |year= 2009 |publisher= Jones & Bartlett Learning |isbn= 978-0-7637-7219-2 |page= 180}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Srivastava A, Talaue M, Liu S, Degen D, Ebright RY, Sineva E, Chakraborty A, Druzhinin SY, Chatterjee S, Mukhopadhyay J, Ebright YW, Zozula A, Shen J, Sengupta S, Niedfeldt RR, Xin C, Kaneko T, Irschik H, Jansen R, Donadio S, Connell N, Ebright RH | title = New target for inhibition of bacterial RNA polymerase: 'switch region' | journal = Current Opinion in Microbiology | volume = 14 | issue = 5 | pages = 532–43 | date = October 2011 | pmid = 21862392 | pmc = 3196380 | doi = 10.1016/j.mib.2011.07.030 }}</ref>