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===Anthroposophical medicine=== {{Main|Anthroposophical medicine}} Anthroposophical medicine is a form of [[alternative medicine]] based on [[pseudoscience|pseudoscientific]] and [[occult]] notions rather than in [[science-based medicine]].<ref name="teils">{{Cite journal |last1=Kienle |first1=Gunver S. |last2=Kiene |first2=Helmut |last3=Albonico |first3=Hans Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Anthroposophische Medizin: Health Technology Assessment Bericht – Kurzfassung |journal=Forschende Komplementärmedizin |volume=13 |issue=2 |pages=7–18 |doi=10.1159/000093481 |pmid=16883076 |s2cid=72253140 |quote=teils ergänzend und teils ersetzend zur konventionellen Medizin}} ''Cited in'' {{cite journal |pmid=18540325 |year=2008 |last1=Ernst |first1=Edzard |title=Anthroposophic medicine: A critical analysis |volume=150 |pages=1–6 |journal=MMW Fortschritte der Medizin |issue=Suppl 1}}</ref> Most anthroposophic medical preparations are highly diluted, like homeopathic remedies, while harmless in of themselves, using them in place of conventional medicine to treat illness is ineffective and risks adverse consequences.<ref name="krit">{{Cite journal |last=Ernst |first=Edzard |year=2008 |title=Anthroposophic medicine: A critical analysis |journal=MMW Fortschritte der Medizin |volume=150 |issue=Suppl 1 |pages=1–6 |pmid=18540325}}</ref> One of the most studied applications has been the use of mistletoe extracts in cancer therapy,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Study by the National Cancer Institute on mistletoe's use for treating cancer |url=http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/cam/mistletoe |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101221133732/http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/cam/mistletoe |archive-date=2010-12-21 |access-date=2013-12-31 |website=Cancer.gov}}</ref> but research has found no evidence of benefit.<ref name="coch-2010">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Horneber MA, Bueschel G, Huber R, Linde K, Rostock M |year=2008 |title=Mistletoe therapy in oncology |journal=Cochrane Database Syst Rev |type=Systematic review |volume=2020 |issue=2 |pages=CD003297 |doi=10.1002/14651858.CD003297.pub2 |pmc=7144832 |pmid=18425885 |quote=The review found that there was not enough evidence to reach clear conclusions about the effects on any of these outcomes and it is therefore not clear to what extent the application of mistletoe extracts translates into improved symptom control, enhanced tumour response or prolonged survival.}}</ref><ref name="ACS">{{Cite book |title=American Cancer Society Complete Guide to Complementary and Alternative Cancer Therapies |publisher=[[American Cancer Society]] |year=2009 |isbn=9780944235713 |veditors=Ades TB |edition=2nd |pages=[https://archive.org/details/americancancerso0000unse/page/424 424–428] |chapter=Mistletoe |quote=Available evidence from well-designed clinical trials does not support claims that mistletoe can improve length or quality of life. |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/americancancerso0000unse/page/424}}</ref>
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