Editing Alsace (section)

===Timeline===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|- "
! Year(s)
! Event
! style="width:20%;"|Ruled by
! style="width:12%;"|Official or common language
|-
| 5400–4500 BC || Bandkeramiker/[[Linear Pottery culture]]s||—||Unknown
|-
| 2300–750 BC || [[Bell Beaker culture]]s||—||Proto-Celtic spoken
|-
| 750–450 BC || [[Hallstatt culture]] early [[Iron Age]] (early Celts)||—||None; Old [[Celtic languages|Celtic]] spoken
|-
| 450–58 BC || Celts/Gauls firmly secured in entire Gaul, Alsace; trade with [[Greece]] is evident ([[Vix Grave|Vix]]) || Celts/Gauls || None; Gaulish variety of Celtic widely spoken
|-
| 58 / 44 BC–<br />AD 260 || Alsace and Gaul conquered by [[Caesar]], provinciated to [[Germania Superior]] || [[Roman Empire]] || [[Latin language|Latin]]; Gallic widely spoken
|-
| 260–274 || Postumus founds breakaway Gallic Empire || [[Gallic Empire]] || Latin, Gallic
|-
| 274–286 || Rome reconquers the Gallic Empire, Alsace || [[Roman Empire]] || Latin, Gallic, Germanic (only in [[Argentoratum]])
|-
| 286–378 || [[Diocletian]] divides the Roman Empire into Western and Eastern sectors || Roman Empire
|-
| around 300 || Beginning of Germanic migrations to the Roman Empire || Roman Empire
|-
| 378–395 || The [[Visigoths]] rebel, precursor to waves of German, and Hun invasions || Roman Empire || Alamannic Incursions
|-
| 395–436 || Death of [[Theodosius I]], causing a permanent division between Western and Eastern Rome || [[Western Roman Empire]]
|-
| 436–486 || Germanic invasions of the Western Roman Empire || [[Gaul|Roman Tributary of Gaul]] || Alamannic
|-
| 486–511 || Lower Alsace conquered by the Franks || [[Frankish Realm]] || [[Old Frankish]], Latin; Alamannic
|-
| 531–614 || Upper Alsace conquered by the Franks || Frankish Realm
|-
| 614–795 || Totality of Alsace to the Frankish Kingdom || Frankish Realm
|-
| 795–814 || [[Charlemagne]] begins reign, Charlemagne crowned [[Holy Roman Emperor|Emperor of the Romans]] on 25 December 800 || Frankish Empire || Old Frankish; Frankish and Alamannic
|-
| 814|| Death of Charlemagne || Carolingian Empire || Old Frankish; Frankish and Alamannic varieties of [[Old High German]]
|-
| 847–870 || [[Treaty of Verdun]] gives Alsace and Lotharingia to [[Lothar I]] || [[Middle Francia]] (Carolingian Empire) || Frankish; Frankish and Alamannic varieties of Old High German
|-
| 870–889 || [[Treaty of Mersen]] gives Alsace to East Francia || [[East Francia]] (German Kingdom of the Carolingian Empire) || Frankish, Frankish and Alamannic varieties of Old High German
|-
| 889–962 || Carolingian Empire breaks up into five Kingdoms, Magyars and Vikings periodically raid Alsace || [[Kingdom of Germany]] ||Frankish and Alamannic varieties of Old High German 
|-
| 962–1618 || [[Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor|Otto I]] crowned [[Holy Roman Emperor]] || [[Holy Roman Empire]] || [[Old High German]], [[Middle High German]], [[German language|Modern High German]]; Alamannic and Franconian German dialects
|-
| 1618–1674 || [[Louis XIII of France|Louis XIII]] annexes portions of Alsace during the [[Thirty Years' War]] || Holy Roman Empire || German; Alamannic and Franconian dialects (Alsatian)
|-
| 1674–1871 || [[Louis XIV of France|Louis XIV]] annexes the rest of Alsace during the [[Franco-Dutch War]], establishing full French sovereignty over the region || Kingdom of France || Officially French<br /> (Alsatian and German tolerated and spoken by an estimated 85%-90% of the population)
|-
| 1871–1918 || [[Franco-Prussian War]] causes French cession of Alsace to [[German Empire]] || [[German Empire]] || German; German/Alsatian (86.8% - 1,492,347 people), French (11.5% - 198,318 people), Italian (1.1% - 18,750 people), German and a second language (0.4% - 7,485 people), Polish (0.1% - 1,410 people). Statistics from 1871. Over time, French declined to 10.9%
|-
| 1919–1940 || [[Treaty of Versailles]] causes German cession of Alsace to France || [[French Third Republic|France]] || French; Alsatian, French, German
|-
| 1940–1944 || [[Nazi Germany]] conquers Alsace, establishing [[Gau Baden-Elsaß]] || [[Nazi Germany]] || German; Alsatian, French, German
|-
| 1945–present || French control || France || French; French and Alsatian German (declining minority language)
|}