Editing Ahmed I (section)

==Family==

===Consorts===
Ahmed had two known consorts, besides many unknown concubines<ref>Venetian ambassador, Simone Contarini (May 1612): “Ha il re due figliuoli, l’uno di sette, l’altro di sei. […] Tre figliuole femmine si trova avere anco Sua Maestà alla quale nascon pure de’ figliuoli assai spesso, e per l’abbondanza delle donne, e per la gioventù, e prosperità che tiene.”</ref>, mothers of the other Şehzades and Sultanas.<ref name="Mâhirûze">{{cite book|author=Sakaoğlu, Necdet|author-link=:tr:Necdet Sakaoğlu|title=Bu mülkün kadın sultanları: Vâlide sultanlar, hâtunlar, hasekiler, kadınefendiler, sultanefendiler|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6WUMAQAAMAAJ&q=II.+Osman+|publisher=Oğlak Publications|year=2008|pages=238|isbn=978-9-753-29623-6}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Peirce |first=Leslie |title=The Imperial Harem: Women and Sovereignty in the Ottoman Empire |publisher=Oxford University Press |pages=[https://archive.org/details/imperialharemwom00peir/page/250 250-260 and others] |date=1993 |isbn=0-19-508677-5 |url=https://archive.org/details/imperialharemwom00peir/page/250 }}</ref>

The known consorts are: 
* [[Mahfiruz Hatun|Hatice Mahfiruz Hatun]] ({{Circa|1590}} - ?) first consort and mother to his firstborn son Osman II and most possibly other children including three other sons according to various historians including Öztuna.
*[[Mahpeyker Kösem Sultan|Kösem Sultan]] ({{circa|1589}} - 2 September 1651). She was his favourite consort, Haseki Sultan, and the mother of many of his children, among them the future Murad IV and Ibrahim I.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kumrular |first=Özlem |title=Sułtanka Kösem. Władza i intrygi w haremie [Kösem Sultan. İktidar, Hırs, Entrika] |publisher=Laurum |year=2015 |isbn=978-83-8087-451-0 |pages=137–140 |language=pl}}</ref>

===Sons===
Ahmed I had at least thirteen sons:
*[[Osman II]] (3 November 1604, Constantinople, Topkapı Palace – murdered by janissaries, 20 May 1622, Constantinople, Topkapı Palace, buried in Ahmed I Mausoleum, Sultan Ahmed Mosque) - with Mahfiruz Hatun.<ref name="Şefika">{{cite book|author=Şefika Şule Erçetin|title=Women Leaders in Chaotic Environments:Examinations of Leadership Using Complexity Theory|pages=77|publisher=Springer|date=November 28, 2016|isbn=978-3-319-44758-2}}</ref><ref name="Uluçay">{{cite book|first=Mustafa Çağatay |last=Uluçay|title=Padışahların Kadınları ve Kızları|publisher=Ötüken, Ankara|year=2011|pages=78|isbn=978-9-754-37840-5}}</ref> 16th Sultan of the Ottoman Empire;
* [[Şehzade Mehmed (son of Ahmed I)|Şehzade Mehmed]] (11 March 1605, Constantinople, Topkapı Palace – executed by orders of Osman II, 12 January 1621, Istanbul, Topkapı Palace, buried in Ahmed I Mausoleum, Sultan Ahmed Mosque) - with Kösem Sultan ;<ref>{{cite journal|last=Tezcan|first=Baki|title=The Debut of Kösem Sultan's Political Career|journal=Turcica|volume=39–40|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GBs_AQAAIAAJ|year=2007|publisher=Éditions Klincksieck|pages=350–351}}</ref><ref>{{cite thesis|first=Günhan|last=Börekçi|title=Factions And Favorites At The Courts Of Sultan Ahmed I (r. 1603-17) And His Immediate Predecessors|publisher=[[Ohio State University]]|year=2010|pages=117, 142|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TuFgAQAACAAJ}}</ref>
* Şehzade Orhan (1609, Constantinople – 1612, Constantinople, buried in Ahmed I Mausoleum, Sultan Ahmed Mosque.<ref name="auto">Yılmaz Öztuna - Sultan Genç Osman ve Sultan IV. Murad</ref>
* Şehzade Cihangir (1609, Constantinople – 1609, Constantinople, buried in Ahmed I Mausoleum, Sultan Ahmed Mosque).<ref name="auto"/>
* Şehzâde ''Fülane'' (1610/1611, Constantinople -1612, Constantinople) : He died a year after his birth according to the 1612 report of Venetian Bailo Contarini.<ref>Tezcan, Baki: The Debut of Kösem Sultan's Career; pp 348; "...before the birth of Murad, that besides the two princes alive, Ahmed had two other sons; one of them died soon after his birth [Selim], and the other a year after his birth; see Nicolo BAROZZI and Guglielmo BERCHET, eds., Le relazioni degli stati
europei lette al senato dagli ambasciatori veneziani nel secolo decimosettimo: Turchia, 2 vols., Venice, 1871-72, vol. 1, p. 125-254, at p. 133 [reprinted in Luigi FIRPO, ed., Relazioni di ambasciatori veneti al senato, tratte dalle migliori edizioni disponibili e ordinate cronologicamente, vol. 13: Constantinopoli (1590-1793), Torino, Bottega d’Erasmo, 1984, p. 473-602, at p. 481].</ref>
* Şehzade Selim (27 June 1611, Constantinople – 27 July 1611, Constantinople, buried in Ahmed I Mausoleum, Sultan Ahmed Mosque).
* [[Murad IV]] (27 July 1612, Constantinople – 8 February 1640, Constantinople, Topkapı Palace, buried in Ahmed I Mausoleum, Sultan Ahmed Mosque) - with Kösem Sultan.<ref name="Şefika" /><ref name="Naima">{{cite book|author=Mustafa Naima|title=Annals of the Turkish Empire: From 1591 to 1659 ..., Volume 1|publisher=Oriental Translation Fund, & sold by J. Murray|year=1832|pages=452–3}}</ref><ref name="issue">{{cite book|author=Singh, Nagendra Kr|title=International encyclopaedia of Islamic dynasties ''(reproduction of the article by M. Cavid Baysun "Kösem Walide or Kösem Sultan" in ''The Encyclopaedia of Islam vol V)|publisher=Anmol Publications PVT |year=2000|pages=423–424|isbn=81-261-0403-1}}</ref><ref name="Kosem-children1">{{citation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L6-VRgVzRcUC&q=hanzade+sultan&pg=PA365|title=The Imperial Harem: Women and Sovereignty in the Ottoman Empire|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|first=Leslie P.|last=Peirce|author-link=Leslie P. Peirce |year=1993|isbn=0195086775|page=232}}</ref> 17th Sultan of the Ottoman Empire;
* [[Şehzade Bayezid (son of Ahmed I)|Şehzade Bayezid]] (December 1612, Constantinople – murdered by Murad IV, 27 July 1635, Constantinople, Topkapı Palace, buried in Ahmed I Mausoleum, Sultan Ahmed Mosque)-With Mahfiruz Hatun;<ref name="Şefika" /><ref name="Uluçay" />
* Şehzade Hüseyin (November 1613,<ref>Tezcan, Baki: The Debut of Kösem Sultan's Career; pp 354; fn 40: SAFI, Zübdetü’t-Tevârîh, op. cit., vol. 2, p. 300</ref> Constantinople – 1617, Constantinople, Topkapı Palace, buried in Mehmed III Mausoleum, Hagia Sophia Mosque) with Mahfiruz Hatun;<ref name="Şefika" /><ref name="Uluçay" /><ref>{{Cite book|title=Storia dell'harem|language=it|author=Gabriele Mandel|date=1992|page=150|quote=Ahmed I ebbe solo tre donne: Hadice Mah-firuz, da cui ebbe quattro figli (Osman, Bayezid, Süleyman e Hüseiyn)...|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=B7SzAAAAIAAJ&q=Hanzade+Sultan+Mahfiruz&dq=Hanzade+Sultan+Mahfiruz&hl=it&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjI-qKMs7CMAxVum_0HHagYGx4Q6AF6BAgEEAM#Fatma%20Haseki}}</ref><ref name="Güler Eren, Kemal Çiçek, Cem Oğuz 1999">{{Cite book|title=Osmanlı: Kültür ve sanat. 10|language=tr|author=Güler Eren, Kemal Çiçek, Cem Oğuz|date=1999|quote=...başka Mehmed, Süleyman, Bayezid ve Hüseyni adlı 4 şehzade doğmuştur...|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=f9RtjS1JbOYC&q=mahfiruz+bayezid&dq=mahfiruz+bayezid&hl=it&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjxx7mLt5CMAxVyhv0HHXEVC9gQ6AF6BAgFEAM#mahfiruz%20}}</ref>
*Şehzade Hasan (1614/15,<ref>Tezcan, Baki: The Debut of Kösem Sultan's Career; pp 354</ref> Constantinople – 1615, Constantinople, buried in Ahmed I Mausoleum, Sultan Ahmed Mosque)<ref name="auto"/>
* [[Şehzade Süleyman]] (1615/16,<ref>Tezcan , Baki: The Debut of Kösem Sultan's Career pp 354; HASANBEYZADE, Hasan Bey-zâde Târîhi, op. cit., vol. 3, p. 899; KARAÇELEBIZADE, Ravzatü’l-ebrâr, op. cit., p. 534</ref> Constantinople – executed by orders Murad IV, 27 July 1635, Constantinople, Topkapı Palace, buried in Ahmed I Mausoleum, Sultan Ahmed Mosque) - with Mahfiruz Hatun.<ref name="Şefika" /><ref name="Uluçay" /><ref name="issue" /> Some historians have confused Süleyman with Selim (who had died in 1611 barely a few weeks after his birth according to the Venetian bailo, Contarini's report of 1612) and also with Hüseiyn, but this is a false claim as only Murad, Bayezid, Süleyman, Kasim and Ibrahim were alive during 1622 according to Harem registers and those that were executed by Murad IV were his half-brothers Bayezid and Süleyman on July 27, 1635 and then (most probably Murad's full-brother) Şehzâde Kasim on 17 February 1638.<ref>Tezcan , Baki: The Debut of Kösem Sultan's Career pp 355</ref><ref>Gülru Neci̇poğlu, Julia Bailey (2008). ''Frontiers of Islamic Art and Architecture: Essays in Celebration of Oleg Grabar's Eightieth Birthday ; the Aga Khan Program for Islamic Architecture Thirtieth Anniversary Special Volume''. BRILL. p. 324. {{ISBN|978-9-004-17327-9}}.</ref> 
* [[Şehzade Kasım]] (1615/16,<ref>Tezcan , Baki: The Debut of Kösem Sultan's Career pp 354; HASANBEYZADE, Hasan Bey-zâde Târîhi, op. cit., vol. 3, p. 899; KARAÇELEBIZADE, Ravzatü’l-ebrâr, op. cit., p. 534</ref>  Constantinople – executed by order of Murad IV, 17 February 1638, Constantinople, Topkapı Palace, buried in Murad III Mausoleum, [[Hagia Sophia]] Mosque) - with Kösem Sultan;<ref name="Şefika"/><ref name="Naima"/><ref name=issue/><ref name="Kosem-children1"/>
* [[Ibrahim of the Ottoman Empire|Ibrahim I]] (13 October 1617,<ref>Tezcan , Baki: The Debut of Kösem Sultan's Career pp 354; fn 43: Mehmed ŞEYHI, Vakâyi'ü’l-fudalâ, 2 vols., Beyazıt Kütüphanesi, MS Veliyüddin Efendi 2361-2362; facs. ed., Abdülkadir ÖZCAN, Şakaik-ı Nu'maniye ve Zeyilleri, 5 vols., Istanbul, Çagrı, 1989, vols. 3-4, vol. 3, p. 150, gives an exact date as 12 Şevvâl 1026 / 13 October 1617</ref> Constantinople – 18 August 1648, Constantinople, Topkapı Palace, murdered by janissaries and buried in Ibrahim I Mausoleum, Hagia Sophia Mosque) - with Kösem Sultan.<ref name="Şefika"/><ref name="Naima"/><ref name=issue/><ref name="Kosem-children1"/> 18th Sultan of the Ottoman Empire.

===Daughters===
Ahmed I had at least eleven daughters: 
* ''Fülane'' Sultan (Early 1605, Constantinople-?) - She was born between the births of her half-brothers Osman and Mehmed. According to Venetian Bailo, Ottovaino Bon's report, her mother was another concubine whose name is not known- a woman other than Mahfiruz and Kösem.<ref>Tezcan, Baki: THE DEBUT OF KÖSEM SULTAN’S POLITICAL CAREER; “Non ha la Maestà Sua sposata alcuna schiava fin hora, et si ritrova haver con tredonne quattro figli, due maschi et due femine. Il maggiore, destinato alla successione, haverà cinque anni forniti;” the relation of Ottaviano Bon, read to the Venetian Senate on June 9, 1609, in Maria Pia PEDANI-FABRIS, ed., Relazioni di ambasciatori veneti al senato, vol. 14: Constantinopoli, Relazioni inedite (1512-1789) (Padova: Bottega d’Erasmo,1996), p. 475-523, at p. 514.</ref> She was the oldest daughter of Ahmed I and she was maybe married around 1610.
*[[Ayşe Sultan (daughter of Ahmed I)|Ayşe Sultan]] (1606,<ref name="ReferenceA">Ayşe and her sister, Fatma were born- one around 1606 immediate to their elder brother, Mehmed and one by late 1608 or early 1609, but historians are uncertain about assigning dates. Ayşe is generally considered older than Fatma according to the Harem records which list residents in accordance with seniority.</ref> Constantinople – 1657, Constantinople, buried in Ahmed I Mausoleum, Sultan Ahmed Mosque) - with Kösem Sultan,<ref name="issue" />  
*[[Gevherhan Sultan (daughter of Ahmed I)|Gevherhan Sultan]] (Late 1608, Constantinople – {{circa}} 1660, Constantinople, buried in Ahmed I Mausoleum, Sultan Ahmed Mosque). She was named in honour of Ahmed's great aunt, [[Gevherhan Sultan (daughter of Selim II)|Gevherhan Sultan]] who had gifted Ahmed's mother, [[Handan Sultan]] to his father, [[Mehmed III]]. Earlier she was presumed to have been Kösem's daughter<ref name="issue2">{{cite book|author=Singh, Nagendra Kr|title=International encyclopaedia of Islamic dynasties ''(reproduction of the article by M. Cavid Baysun "Kösem Walide or Kösem Sultan" in ''The Encyclopaedia of Islam vol V)|publisher=Anmol Publications PVT |year=2000|pages=423–424|isbn=81-261-0403-1|quote=Through her beauty and intelligence, Kösem Walide was especially attractive to Ahmed I, and drew ahead of more senior wives in the palace. She bore the sultan four sons – Murad, Süleyman, Ibrahim and Kasim – and three daughters – 'Ayşe, Fatma and Djawharkhan. These daughters she subsequently used to consolidate her political influence by strategic marriages to different viziers.}}</ref><ref>[[Leslie P. Peirce|Peirce, Leslie P.]] (1993), [https://books.google.com/books?id=L6-VRgVzRcUC&dq=hanzade+sultan&pg=PA365 ''The Imperial Harem: Women and Sovereignty in the Ottoman Empire''], [[Oxford University Press]], p. 365, {{ISBN|0195086775}}</ref>, however this is an inauthentic claim as Hanzade was determinably one of Kosem's three daughters instead<ref name="Kosem-children2"/> and Gevherhan is now established Osman's full-sister and her marriage in 1612 to Öküz Mehmed Pasha worked as a political leverage for Osman, as the Pasha became Grand Vizier following the execution of Kösem's son-in-law, Nasuh Pasha in 1614 on the orders of Ahmed I.<ref>Tezcan, Baki; The Debut of Kösem Sultan's Career; pp 356</ref>
*[[Fatma Sultan (daughter of Ahmed I)|Fatma Sultan]] (Late 1608,<ref>“Non ha la Maestà Sua sposata alcuna schiava fin hora, et si ritrova haver con tredonne quattro figli, due maschi et due femine. Il maggiore, destinato alla successione,haverà cinque anni forniti;” the relation of Ottaviano Bon, read to the Venetian Senate on June 9, 1609, in Maria Pia PEDANI-FABRIS, ed., Relazioni di ambasciatori veneti al senato, vol. 14: Constantinopoli, Relazioni inedite (1512-1789) (Padova: Bottega d’Erasmo, 1996), p. 475-523, at p. 514.</ref>, Constantinople – 1667, Constantinople, buried in Ahmed I Mausoleum, Sultan Ahmed Mosque) - She was born of Kösem Sultan after the Venetian ambassador, Ottaviano Bon's report of June, 1609 detailing only 2 daughters from 2 different mothers- as the ambassador, Ottaviano read the report in June 1609, the information it reproduces may have been somewhat dated as he had left Istanbul earlier.<ref>Tezcan, Baki: THE DEBUT OF KÖSEM SULTAN’S POLITICAL CAREER</ref>and her mother was Kösem Sultan;<ref name="issue" /><ref name="Kosem-children2">{{citation|last=Peirce|first=Leslie P.|title=The Imperial Harem: Women and Sovereignty in the Ottoman Empire|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L6-VRgVzRcUC&q=hanzade+sultan&pg=PA365|year=1993|author-link=Leslie P. Peirce|page=365|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|isbn=0195086775}}</ref>
*Hatice Sultan (''post'' 1608, Constantinople – 1610, Constantinople, buried in Ahmed I Mausoleum, Sultan Ahmed Mosque)-<ref name="auto"/>
*[[Hanzade Sultan (daughter of Ahmed I)|Hanzade Sultan]] (1610/11, Constantinople – 21 September 1650, Constantinople, buried in Ibrahim I Mausoleum, Hagia Sophia Mosque) - She is generally considered the youngest of the three daughters of Ahmed I with Kösem Sultan and was definitely born after 1608 as the Venetian Bailo Ottovaino Bon's report was delivered June 1609 mentioned only 2 sons and 2 daughters of Ahmed I by three different women, i.e. only the two oldest surviving daughters of Ahmed I, Gevherhan with an unknown concubine and Ayşe with Kösem are mentioned. With her second full older sister, Fatma's birth estimated to have been around late 1608 or early 1609, she must've been born circa 1610 or early 1611 at the latest definitely before her younger full brother, [[Murad IV]] who was born on July 27, 1612.<ref name="Kosem-children2"/><ref>“Non ha la Maestà Sua sposata alcuna schiava fin hora, et si ritrova haver con tredonne quattro figli, due maschi et due femine. Il maggiore, destinato alla successione,haverà cinque anni forniti;” the relation of Ottaviano Bon, read to the Venetian Senate on June 9, 1609, in Maria Pia PEDANI-FABRIS, ed., Relazioni di ambasciatori veneti al senato, vol. 14: Constantinopoli, Relazioni inedite (1512-1789) (Padova: Bottega d’Erasmo, 1996), p. 475-523, at p. 514.</ref>
*Esma Sultan (Constantinople, 1612 – Constantinople, 1612, buried in Ahmed I Mausoleum, Sultan Ahmed Mosque)<ref name="auto"/>
*Zahide Sultan (Constantinople, 1613 – Constantinople, 1620, buried in Ahmed I Mausoleum, Sultan Ahmed Mosque)<ref name="auto"/>
*[[Atike Sultan (daughter of Ahmed I)|Burnaz Atike Sultan]] ({{circa}} 1614/1616?, Constantinople – 1674, Constantinople, buried in Ibrahim I Mausoleum, Hagia Sophia Mosque). <ref name="Sakaoğlu">{{cite book|first=Necdet|last=Sakaoğlu|title=Bu mülkün kadın sultanları: Vâlide sultanlar, hâtunlar, hasekiler, kadınefendiler, sultanefendiler|publisher=Oğlak Yayıncılık|year=2008|page=235}}</ref> She trained the future Valide Sultan, [[Turhan Sultan|Turhan]] before presenting her to her half-brother, [[Ibrahim of the Ottoman Empire|Ibrahim I]]- Turhan later rivalled and prevailed against Kösem Sultan.<ref>Dumas, Juliette; Les perles de nacre du sultanat; Pg 345: "...la reine mère Turhan Hadice Sultane avait été formée par Atike Sultane avant d’être offerte au sultan. La collusion entre la maison impériale et les maisons princières se repère jusque dans les échanges de femmes esclaves..."</ref>
*Zeynep Sultan (Constantinople, 1617 – Constantinople, 1619, buried in Ahmed I Mausoleum, Sultan Ahmed Mosque)<ref name="auto"/>
*Ümmühan Sultan (''ante'' 1616- after 1688) - She married Shehit Ali Pasha.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ghobrial |first=John-Paul A. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eH8fAgAAQBAJ |title=The Whispers of Cities: Information Flows in Istanbul, London, and Paris in the Age of William Trumbull |date=2013 |publisher=OUP Oxford |isbn=978-0-19-967241-7 |pages=111 |language=en}}</ref>
*Abide Sultan (Constantinople, 1618 – Constantinople, 1648, buried in Ahmed I Mausoleum, Sultan Ahmed Mosque). Called also Übeyde Sultan, married in 1642 to Koca Musa Pasha (died in 1647)<ref name="auto"/>