Editing Adak, Alaska (section)

==Infrastructure==

===Water===
Water is derived from Lake Bonnie Rose, Lake De Marie, and Nurses Creek, stored in seven water tanks throughout the community, and piped to facilities and housing units. The wastewater treatment system discharges through a marine outfall line to Kuluk Bay. Adak's water system is reported to have<!--to avoid false positives in search for 'have led/lead' typo --> lead in it.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://adak-ak.us/content/pbntc/160509.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161202082049/http://adak-ak.us/content/pbntc/160509.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=December 2, 2016|title=City of Adak, Alaska Adak Municipal Utilities|date=2013|website=adak-ak.us}}</ref>

===Waste===
Waste was previously removed by a permitted [[landfill]] site; This site was operated on Adak Island under Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation (Alaska DEC) solid waste regulations. The landfill operated from the early 1950s until 1972 and from 1975 until 2002. The site was used to dispose of sanitary trash, metal debris, batteries, solvents, waste paints, and construction rubble. From 1975 on, the landfill only accepted sanitary trash.

The landfill was closed in 1997 by placing a low permeability soil cover over the landfill, implementing access restrictions, installing surface erosion controls, and placing a vegetative cover. In March 2002, the State of Alaska approved resumption of operations at Roberts Landfill through 2002 to dispose of inert demolition waste monofill and one cell for disposal of approximately 10 cubic yards of asbestos-containing material. Alaska DEC approved closure of the landfill in 2002.

===Identified contaminants===
Metals and [[volatile organic compound]]s (VOCs) in groundwater and surface water.

===Current actions===
The Navy inspects institutional controls (ICs) annually. The Navy conducts groundwater monitoring at four wells and surface water monitoring at five locations annually.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://adak-ak.us/www/ICs/swmu25_example.html|title=SWMU 25 - Roberts Landfill ADEC Solid Waste Site {{!}} Institutional Controls {{!}} Adak Island|website=adak-ak.us|access-date=November 24, 2019|archive-date=February 13, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230213085318/https://adak-ak.us/www/ICs/swmu25_example.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Electricity===
Electricity is provided by [[TDX]] which has invested over one million dollars in improving generating and distribution systems. The price of electricity has been reported to have been reduced due to a greater reliance on wind power.

===Schools===
There was one school located in the community: Adak School, operated by the [[Aleutian Region School District]].<ref>"[http://www.aleutregion.org/about_us_111334 Adak School Information]." [[Aleutian Region School District]]. Retrieved on February 13, 2017.</ref> In 2014, the Adak School had 25 students.<ref>"[http://adak-ak.us/content/tec/2014-05.pdf Super Seabirds, Super Kids!] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161202081837/http://adak-ak.us/content/tec/2014-05.pdf |date=December 2, 2016 }}." ''The Adak Eagle's Call''. Volume 3, Issue 4, May 2014. p. 3/3. Retrieved on March 15, 2017.</ref> It was previously served by the [[Adak Region School District]], which closed in June 1996.<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20001219084400/http://www.eed.state.ak.us/Alaskan_Schools/Public/ Alaska School and District Information]." [[Alaska Department of Education]]. December 19, 2000. Retrieved on February 20, 2017.</ref> The Adak School closed in 2023, reportedly due to low enrollment.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Adak School Information - Aleutian Region School District |url=https://www.aleutregion.org/about_us_111334 |access-date=2025-01-07 |website=www.aleutregion.org}}</ref>

===Internet access===
[[Internet]], though available, is typically expensive, with caps on data. Average use can be extremely expensive, and a [[monopoly]] existed as personal satellite internet has not been available due to the satellite locations. Solar activity blocks communications during [[equinox]] seasons for several days of both spring and fall seasons.

Due to its remoteness the internet connection has historically been very poor, and applications that require high bandwidth could not work as intended. However, since late 2022 and 2023, [[Starlink]] has provided further internet access to many residents across rural Alaska, including to those in Adak.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Hughes |first1=Zachariah |last2=DeMarban |first2=Alex |last3=Naiden |first3=Alena |date=2023 |title=In just a few months, satellite internet has reshaped web access in rural Alaska |url=https://www.adn.com/alaska-news/rural-alaska/2023/08/20/in-just-a-few-months-satellite-internet-has-reshaped-web-access-in-rural-alaska/ |access-date=2024-04-24 |website=Anchorage Daily News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Top 2 Internet Providers in Adak, AK |url=https://broadbandnow.com/Alaska/Adak |access-date=2024-04-24 |website=BroadbandNow |language=en-US}}</ref>

===Health care===
There is no hospital; however there is Adak Community Health Center, managed by [[Eastern Aleutian Tribes]], Inc. (EAT).

The health center provides Family Medicine, Chronic Care and urgent care services, and is staffed by a physician-assistant or, at times, by a community health practitioner. There is no doctor, no blood supply, and limited medications to stabilize a patient awaiting a medical evacuation, weather permitting. Behavioral Health is also provided via tele-video and quarterly site visits. EAT sends a dentist to Adak one week per year to provide limited dental services; otherwise, dental services must be referred outside of Adak. Tele-Radiology (X-ray) and Tele-Medicine are also present. Limited lab, pharmacy, and public health services are also available. The pharmacy medications are limited to acute medications. Filling of prescriptions from outside facilities usually cannot be accommodated. All visitors should bring plenty of their own medications as the health center stocks a very limited supply of chronic medications. Auxiliary emergency health care is provided by Adak Volunteer Fire Department.

===Facilities===
Other facilities in Adak include three deep water docks and fueling facilities. The city has requested funds to greatly expand the Sweeper Cove small boat harbor, including new breakwaters, a {{convert|315|ft|m|0|adj=on}} dock and new moorage floats {{Attribution needed|date=August 2010}}. There are approximately {{convert|16|mi|km|0}} of paved and primitive roads on Adak, all privately owned by the Aleut Corporation.

The Aleut are also seeking to develop their water system, which has been well-maintained and -designed for a larger Naval population, as an export industry.<ref>{{cite journal|journal=Alaska Journal of Commerce |date=August 20, 2010 |title=Aleut Corp. wants to export Adak water |author=Wesley Loy |url=http://www.alaskajournal.com/stories/082010/loc_adw.shtml |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100823223357/http://www.alaskajournal.com/stories/082010/loc_adw.shtml |archive-date=August 23, 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

===Airport===
[[File:Alaska Airlines at Adak.jpg|thumb|Alaska Airlines at Adak Airport]]
Because of its naval aviation past, Adak has an unusually large and sophisticated airport for the Aleutian Islands. The airport is currently operated by the State of Alaska Department of Transportation. Complete with an [[Instrument Landing System]], [[Adak Airport]] has no control tower and two {{convert|200|ft|m|abbr=on}} wide asphalt paved runways at {{convert|19|ft|m|abbr=on}} elevation. One runway measures {{convert|7790|ft|m|abbr=on}} long while the other runway measures {{convert|7605|ft|m|abbr=on}}. [[Alaska Airlines]] operates twice-weekly [[Boeing 737]] passenger jet service from Anchorage. At present, flights operate each Wednesday and Saturday, weather permitting. Occasionally, extra seasonal flights are operated to meet the demand of the fishing season.