Editing Aberdeen (section)

===Climate===
[[File:3rd Aug 2012- Abdn Harbour 2.JPG|thumb|right|Sunshine across Aberdeen during August]] 
Aberdeen features an [[oceanic climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]] ''Cfb''), with far milder winter temperatures than one might expect for its northern location. However, statistically speaking, it is still the coldest city in the UK. During the winter, especially throughout December, the length of the day is very short, averaging 6 hours and 41 minutes between sunrise and sunset at the winter solstice.<ref name="Sunrise and sunset for Aberdeen">{{cite web|url=http://www.sunrise-and-sunset.com/en/sun/united-kingdom/aberdeen/2015|title=Sunrise and sunset for Aberdeen|publisher=Sunrise and Sunset|access-date=27 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151027200423/http://www.sunrise-and-sunset.com/en/sun/united-kingdom/aberdeen/2015|archive-date=27 October 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> As winter progresses, the length of the day grows fairly quickly, to 8 hours and 20 minutes by the end of January. Around summer solstice, the days will be around 18 hours long, having 17 hours and 55 minutes between sunrise and sunset.<ref name="Sunrise and sunset for Aberdeen"/> During this time of the year marginal [[nautical twilight]] lasts the entire night. Temperatures at this time of year hover around {{convert|17.0|C|F}} during the day in most of the urban area, though nearer {{convert|16.0|C|F}} directly on the coast, and around {{convert|18.0|to|19.0|C|F}} in the westernmost suburbs.<ref>{{cite web| publisher = [[MetOffice]]| url = http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate/uk/averages/escotland/7100_1km/MaxTemp_Average_1971-2000_7.gif| title = July temp map| url-status = dead| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120305153715/http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate/uk/averages/escotland/7100_1km/MaxTemp_Average_1971-2000_7.gif| archive-date = 5 March 2012}}</ref>

Two weather stations collect climate data for the area, [[Aberdeen Airport|Aberdeen/Dyce Airport]], and Craibstone. Both are about {{convert|4+1/2|mi|km|0}} to the northwest of the city centre, and given that they are in close proximity to each other, exhibit very similar climatic regimes. Dyce tends to have marginally warmer daytime temperatures year-round owing to its slightly lower elevation, though it is more susceptible to harsh frosts. The coldest temperature to occur in recent years was {{convert|-16.8|C|F}} during December 2010,<ref>{{cite web | publisher = TuTiempo | url= http://www.tutiempo.net/en/Climate/Aberdeen_Dyce/03-12-2010/30910.htm
 | title = 2010 minimum}}</ref> while the following winter, Dyce set a new February high-temperature station record on 28 February 2012 of {{convert|17.2|C|F}},<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/weather/feeds/17199313|title=What Is The Fohn Effect?|publisher=[[BBC Weather]]|access-date=28 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120302134520/http://www.bbc.co.uk/weather/feeds/17199313|archive-date=2 March 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> and a new March high temperature record of {{convert|21.6|C|F}} on 25 March 2012.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://en.tutiempo.net/climate/03-2012/ws-30910.html|title=Climate Aberdeen / Dyce (March 2012) – Climate data (30910)|access-date=16 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220134659/http://en.tutiempo.net/climate/03-2012/ws-30910.html|archive-date=20 December 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>

The average temperature of the sea ranges from {{convert|6.6|C|F}} in March to {{convert|13.8|C|F}} in August.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.seatemperature.org/europe/united-kingdom/aberdeen.htm|title=Aberdeen Water Temperature – United Kingdom – Sea Temperatures|first=Copyright Global Sea Temperatures – A-Connect|last=Ltd|website=World Sea Temperatures|access-date=4 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170705133059/https://www.seatemperature.org/europe/united-kingdom/aberdeen.htm|archive-date=5 July 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{Weather box|location = [[Dyce]]-Aberdeen ([[Aberdeen Airport|ABZ]]),{{efn|Weather station is located {{convert|6|mi|0|abbr=out}} from the Aberdeen city centre.}} elevation: {{convert|65|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}, 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1960–present
| collapsed    =
| metric first = y
| single line  = y
| Jan record high C = 17.2
| Feb record high C = 17.2
| Mar record high C = 21.6
| Apr record high C = 23.7
| May record high C = 24.4
| Jun record high C = 26.7
| Jul record high C = 29.8
| Aug record high C = 29.7
| Sep record high C = 27.0
| Oct record high C = 22.1
| Nov record high C = 18.8
| Dec record high C = 15.1
| Jan avg record high C = 12.2
| Feb avg record high C = 12.9
| Mar avg record high C = 15.4
| Apr avg record high C = 17.6
| May avg record high C = 20.4
| Jun avg record high C = 22.9
| Jul avg record high C = 24.4
| Aug avg record high C = 23.4
| Sep avg record high C = 22.1
| Oct avg record high C = 17.7
| Nov avg record high C = 14.8
| Dec avg record high C = 12.5
| year avg record high C = 25.6
| Jan high C = 6.8
| Feb high C = 7.3
| Mar high C = 9.1
| Apr high C = 11.2
| May high C = 13.9
| Jun high C = 16.3
| Jul high C = 18.5
| Aug high C = 18.3
| Sep high C = 16.1
| Oct high C = 12.6
| Nov high C = 9.2
| Dec high C = 6.9
| year high C =
| Jan mean C = 3.9
| Feb mean C = 4.2
| Mar mean C = 5.6
| Apr mean C = 7.6
| May mean C = 10.0
| Jun mean C = 12.7
| Jul mean C = 14.8
| Aug mean C = 14.6
| Sep mean C = 12.6
| Oct mean C = 9.5
| Nov mean C = 6.2
| Dec mean C = 3.9
| year mean C =
| Jan low C = 1.0
| Feb low C = 1.1
| Mar low C = 2.1
| Apr low C = 3.9
| May low C = 6.0
| Jun low C = 9.0
| Jul low C = 11.0
| Aug low C = 10.8
| Sep low C = 9.1
| Oct low C = 6.3
| Nov low C = 3.1
| Dec low C = 0.9
| year low C =
| Jan avg record low C = -5.4
| Feb avg record low C = -5.1
| Mar avg record low C = -4.2
| Apr avg record low C = -1.8
| May avg record low C = -0.2
| Jun avg record low C = 3.6
| Jul avg record low C = 6.0
| Aug avg record low C = 4.8
| Sep avg record low C = 2.6
| Oct avg record low C = 0.2
| Nov avg record low C = -3.4
| Dec avg record low C = -6.6
| year avg record low C = -8.3
| Jan record low C = -19.3
| Feb record low C = -18.2
| Mar record low C = -15.8
| Apr record low C = -6.8
| May record low C = -4.2
| Jun record low C = -0.3
| Jul record low C = 0.1
| Aug record low C = -0.2
| Sep record low C = -2.4
| Oct record low C = -4.4
| Nov record low C = -15.6
| Dec record low C = -18.1
|precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation mm = 67.8
| Feb precipitation mm = 59.4
| Mar precipitation mm = 54.4
| Apr precipitation mm = 57.6
| May precipitation mm = 54.0
| Jun precipitation mm = 68.9
| Jul precipitation mm = 70.8
| Aug precipitation mm = 68.3
| Sep precipitation mm = 60.7
| Oct precipitation mm = 99.9
| Nov precipitation mm = 93.0
| Dec precipitation mm = 77.7
| year precipitation mm =
| unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
| Jan precipitation days = 12.5
| Feb precipitation days = 11.1
| Mar precipitation days = 11.0
| Apr precipitation days = 11.2
| May precipitation days = 10.3
| Jun precipitation days = 11.6
| Jul precipitation days = 12.2
| Aug precipitation days = 10.8
| Sep precipitation days = 10.4
| Oct precipitation days = 14.5
| Nov precipitation days = 14.5
| Dec precipitation days = 12.8
| year precipitation days =
| Jan snow days = 8
| Feb snow days = 7
| Mar snow days = 6
| Apr snow days = 4
| May snow days = 0
| Jun snow days = 0
| Jul snow days = 0
| Aug snow days = 0
| Sep snow days = 0
| Oct snow days = 0
| Nov snow days = 3
| Dec snow days = 6
| Jan humidity = 83
| Feb humidity = 81
| Mar humidity = 79
| Apr humidity = 78
| May humidity = 78
| Jun humidity = 78
| Jul humidity = 78
| Aug humidity = 80
| Sep humidity = 81
| Oct humidity = 83
| Nov humidity = 83
| Dec humidity = 83
| Jan percentsun = 26
| Feb percentsun = 30
| Mar percentsun = 33
| Apr percentsun = 36
| May percentsun = 38
| Jun percentsun = 33
| Jul percentsun = 34
| Aug percentsun = 35
| Sep percentsun = 32
| Oct percentsun = 29
| Nov percentsun = 26
| Dec percentsun = 22
| year percentsun =
| Jan sun = 60.5
| Feb sun = 85.4
| Mar sun = 125.5
| Apr sun = 153.9
| May sun = 202.7
| Jun sun = 163.5
| Jul sun = 162.4
| Aug sun = 156.7
| Sep sun = 125.1
| Oct sun = 95.0
| Nov sun = 68.1
| Dec sun = 48.5
| year sun =
| source 1 = [[Met Office]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/public/weather/climate/gfnmmyh91|title=Aberdeen Airport 1991–2020 averages|access-date=19 December 2021|publisher=Met Office|archive-date=22 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190322002859/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/public/weather/climate/gfnmmyh91|url-status=live}}</ref> [[NOAA]] (Relative humidity and snow days 1961–1990)<ref>{{cite web|url=ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/RA-VI/UK/03091.TXT|title=Aberdeen Airport climate normals 1961–1990|access-date=2 April 2019|publisher=Met Office|archive-date=7 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230907051849/ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/RA-VI/UK/03091.TXT|url-status=live}}</ref> Infoclimat (mean max/min)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.infoclimat.fr/climatologie/annee/1991/aberdeen-dyce/valeurs/03091.html|title=Climatologie de l'année à Aberdeen / Dyce|publisher=Infoclimat|language=fr|access-date=9 September 2023|archive-date=5 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231005231001/https://www.infoclimat.fr/climatologie/annee/1991/aberdeen-dyce/valeurs/03091.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
| source 2 = [[Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute|KNMI]]<ref>{{cite web| url =https://eca.knmi.nl//download/millennium/millennium.php| title =Indices Data – Aberdeen Dyce Station 1825| access-date =21 March 2019| publisher =[[KNMI (institute)|KNMI]]| archive-date =9 July 2018| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20180709010608/https://eca.knmi.nl//download/millennium/millennium.php| url-status =dead}}</ref>
}}

{{Weather box|location = Aberdeen (Craibstone),{{efn|Weather station is located {{convert|5|mi|0|abbr=out}} from the Aberdeen city centre.}} elevation: {{convert|102|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}, 1981–2010 normals, extremes 1958–present
| collapsed    = y
| metric first = y
| single line  = y
| Jan record high C = 16.0
| Feb record high C = 16.3
| Mar record high C = 21.2
| Apr record high C = 23.4
| May record high C = 23.8
| Jun record high C = 26.8
| Jul record high C = 28.8
| Aug record high C = 28.6
| Sep record high C = 25.9
| Oct record high C = 21.1
| Nov record high C = 18.3
| Dec record high C = 15.4
| Jan high C = 6.1
| Feb high C = 6.4
| Mar high C = 8.4
| Apr high C = 10.5
| May high C = 13.2
| Jun high C = 15.6
| Jul high C = 18.0
| Aug high C = 17.8
| Sep high C = 15.4
| Oct high C = 12.0
| Nov high C = 8.6
| Dec high C = 6.2
| year high C = 11.5
| Jan mean C = 3.4
| Feb mean C = 3.5
| Mar mean C = 5.0
| Apr mean C = 6.8
| May mean C = 9.2
| Jun mean C = 11.9
| Jul mean C = 14.2
| Aug mean C = 14.0
| Sep mean C = 11.9
| Oct mean C = 8.9
| Nov mean C = 5.8
| Dec mean C = 3.5
| year mean C = 8.1
| Jan low C = 0.6
| Feb low C = 0.6
| Mar low C = 1.6
| Apr low C = 3.0
| May low C = 5.2
| Jun low C = 8.1
| Jul low C = 10.3
| Aug low C = 10.1
| Sep low C = 8.4
| Oct low C = 5.7
| Nov low C = 2.9
| Dec low C = 0.8
| year low C = 4.8
| Jan record low C = -13.5
| Feb record low C = -12.2
| Mar record low C = -11.7
| Apr record low C = -6.7
| May record low C = -3.0
| Jun record low C = 0.3
| Jul record low C = 1.7
| Aug record low C = 2.5
| Sep record low C = -0.5
| Oct record low C = -4.0
| Nov record low C = -10.8
| Dec record low C = -12.6
|precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation mm = 71.2
| Feb precipitation mm = 59.3
| Mar precipitation mm = 63.8
| Apr precipitation mm = 62.2
| May precipitation mm = 59.6
| Jun precipitation mm = 65.6
| Jul precipitation mm = 65.7
| Aug precipitation mm = 66.1
| Sep precipitation mm = 71.9
| Oct precipitation mm = 102.9
| Nov precipitation mm = 98.1
| Dec precipitation mm = 79.8
| year precipitation mm = 866.2
| unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
| Jan precipitation days = 12.6
| Feb precipitation days = 10.6
| Mar precipitation days = 11.5
| Apr precipitation days = 10.5
| May precipitation days = 10.4
| Jun precipitation days = 10.5
| Jul precipitation days = 11.3
| Aug precipitation days = 11.2
| Sep precipitation days = 10.1
| Oct precipitation days = 13.6
| Nov precipitation days = 13.7
| Dec precipitation days = 12.3
| year precipitation days = 138.3
| Jan sun = 60.6
| Feb sun = 84.9
| Mar sun = 120.3
| Apr sun = 151.5
| May sun = 194.1
| Jun sun = 163.8
| Jul sun = 159.3
| Aug sun = 160.4
| Sep sun = 124.6
| Oct sun = 100.0
| Nov sun = 65.4
| Dec sun = 47.7
| year sun = 1432.6
| source 1 = [[Met Office]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate/uk/averages/19812010/sites/craibstone.html |title= Craibstone 1981–2010 averages |access-date=21 March 2019 |publisher=Met Office |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121031164323/http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate/uk/averages/19812010/sites/craibstone.html |archive-date=31 October 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
| source 2 = [[Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute|KNMI]]<ref>{{cite web| url =https://eca.knmi.nl//download/millennium/millennium.php| title =Indices Data – Craibstone Station 1629| access-date =21 March 2019| publisher =[[KNMI (institute)|KNMI]]| archive-date =9 July 2018| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20180709010608/https://eca.knmi.nl//download/millennium/millennium.php| url-status =dead}}</ref>
}}