Editing A Doll's House (section)

==Production history==
''A Doll's House'' received its world premiere on 21 December 1879 at the [[Royal Danish Theatre]] in Copenhagen, with [[Betty Hennings]] as Nora,  [[Emil Poulsen]] as Torvald, and [[Peter Jerndorff]] as Dr. Rank.<ref>Meyer (1967, 477) and Moi (2006, 227, 230).</ref> Writing for the Norwegian newspaper ''Folkets Avis'', the critic [[Erik Bøgh]] admired Ibsen's originality and technical mastery: "Not a single declamatory phrase, no high dramatics, no drop of blood, not even a tear."<ref>Quoted by Meyer (1967, 477).</ref> Every performance of its run was sold out.<ref name="Meyer 1967, 480">Meyer (1967, 480).</ref> Another production opened at the [[Royal Dramatic Theatre]] in Stockholm, on 8 January 1880, while productions in [[Oslo|Christiania]] (with Johanne Juell as Nora and Arnoldus Reimers as Torvald) and [[Bergen]] followed shortly after.<ref name="Meyer 1967, 479">Meyer (1967, 479).</ref>

In Germany, the actress [[Hedwig Raabe]] refused to perform the play as written, declaring, "''I'' would never leave ''my'' children!"<ref name="Meyer 1967, 480"/> Since the playwright's wishes were not protected by copyright, Ibsen decided to avoid the danger of being rewritten by a lesser dramatist by committing what he called a "barbaric outrage" on his play himself and giving it an alternative ending in which Nora did not leave.<ref name="Shapiro" /><ref>Meyer (1967, 480–481).</ref> A production of this version opened in [[Flensburg]] in February 1880.<ref name=m481>Meyer (1967, 481).</ref> This version was also played in [[Hamburg]], [[Dresden]], [[Hanover]], and [[Berlin]], although, in the wake of protests and a lack of success, Raabe eventually restored the original ending.<ref name=m481/> Another production of the original version, some rehearsals of which Ibsen attended, opened on 3 March 1880 at the [[Residence Theatre]] in [[Munich]].<ref name=m481/>

In [[Great Britain]], the only way in which the play was initially allowed to be given in [[London]] was in an adaptation by [[Henry Arthur Jones]] and [[Henry Herman]] called ''Breaking a Butterfly''.<ref>[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=inu.32000006471181;view=1up;seq=1 text] Jones, Henry Arthur. Herman, Henry.  ''Breaking a butterfly : a play in three acts.''  Printed for private use only: not published. 76 pages.</ref> This adaptation was produced at the Princess Theatre on 3 March 1884. Writing in 1896 in his book ''The Foundations of a National Drama'', Jones says: "A rough translation from the German version of A Doll's House was put into my hands, and I was told that if it could be turned into a sympathetic play, a ready opening would be found for it on the London boards. I knew nothing of Ibsen, but I knew a great deal of Robertson and H. J. Byron. From these circumstances came the adaptation called ''Breaking a Butterfly''."<ref>Jones, Henry Arthur. ''The Foundations of a National Drama: a collection of lectures, essays and speeches, delivered and written in the years 1896–1912''.  (1 January 1913). 1 January 1913. Reprinted: Wentworth Press (26 Aug 2016) {{ISBN|978-1362548942}}. Page 208.</ref> [[H. L. Mencken]] writes that it was ''A Doll's House'' "denaturized and [[dephlogisticated]]. [...] Toward the middle of the action Ibsen was thrown to the fishes, and Nora was saved from suicide, rebellion, flight and immorality by making a faithful old clerk steal her fateful promissory note from Krogstad's desk. [...] The curtain fell upon a happy home."<ref>Mencken, H. L. ''The Collected Drama of H. L. Mencken: Plays and Criticism''. Scarecrow Press, 2012. {{ISBN|9780810883703}}. page 185.</ref>

Before 1889, there were two private productions of the play in London (in its original form as Ibsen wrote it). In 1886, the first production in England took place at [[Eleanor Marx]]'s lodgings in London and featured her as Nora and her friend [[George Bernard Shaw]] in the role of Krogstad; both were champions of Ibsen.<ref name="blaming-nora"/> The first public British production of the play in its regular form opened on 7 June 1889 at the [[Novelty Theatre]], starring [[Janet Achurch]] as Nora and Charles Charrington as Torvald.<ref name="Archer">{{cite book|last=Ibsen|first=Henrik|others=[[William Archer (critic)|William C. Archer]] translator|title=A Doll's House [Illustrated with photographs]|publisher=T Fisher Unwin|location=London|year=1889|oclc=29743002}}</ref><ref name=ea>{{Cite Americana |last=Moses |first=Montrose J. |wstitle=Doll's House, A}}</ref><ref>{{Cite NIE|wstitle=Herman, Henry|year=1905}}</ref> Achurch played Nora again for a seven-day run in 1897. Soon after its London premiere, Achurch brought the play to [[Australia]] in 1889.<ref>Brockett and Hildy (2003, 353).</ref>

The play was first seen in the [[US]] in 1883 in [[Louisville, Kentucky]]; [[Helena Modjeska]] acted Nora.<ref name=ea/> The play made its [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]] premiere at the [[Palmer's Theatre]] on 21 December 1889, starring [[Beatrice Cameron]] as Nora Helmer.<ref>{{cite web | title=Opening Night Production Credits: A Doll's House (1889) | url=http://www.ibdb.com/production.php?id=5582 | work=The Internet Broadway Database | year=2008 | access-date=18 September 2008 | archive-date=24 October 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024185550/http://www.ibdb.com/production.php?id=5582 | url-status=live }}</ref> It was first performed in [[France]] in 1894.<ref name="Meyer 1967, 479"/> Other productions in the US include one in 1902 starring [[Minnie Maddern Fiske]], a 1937 adaptation with acting script by [[Thornton Wilder]] and starring [[Ruth Gordon]], a 1971 production starring [[Claire Bloom]], and a 1997 production starring [[Janet McTeer]].

A new translation by [[Zinnie Harris]] at the [[Donmar Warehouse]], starring [[Gillian Anderson]], [[Toby Stephens]], [[Anton Lesser]], [[Tara FitzGerald]] and [[Christopher Eccleston]] opened in May 2009.<ref>{{cite journal
   |author=Kate Bassett  |date=24 May 2009
   |title=The Donmar's new Ibsen isn't so much a clever interpretation as a bit of questionable rewriting|journal=[[The Independent]]
   |location=London|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/theatre-dance/reviews/a-dolls-house-donmar-londonbrthe-observer-nt-cottesloe-londonbrgrasses-of-a-thousand-colours-royal-court-upstairs-london-1689909.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090527140607/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/theatre-dance/reviews/a-dolls-house-donmar-londonbrthe-observer-nt-cottesloe-londonbrgrasses-of-a-thousand-colours-royal-court-upstairs-london-1689909.html |archive-date=2009-05-27 |url-access=limited |url-status=live}}</ref>

The play was performed by [[24/6: A Jewish Theater Company]] in March 2011, one of their early performances following their December 2010 [[Lower Manhattan]] launch.<ref>{{cite news  |newspaper=[[The Forward]]  
   |title=For New Theater Company, Shabbat Takes Center Stage
   |date=16 December 2010}}</ref>

In August 2013, [[Young Vic]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.youngvic.org/|title=Homepage|publisher=Young Vic|access-date=31 March 2015|archive-date=10 December 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091210060120/http://www.youngvic.org/|url-status=live}}</ref> produced a new adaptation<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.youngvic.org/whats-on/a-dolls-house-west-end|title=A Doll's House West End |publisher=Young Vic|date=7 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130607143933/http://www.youngvic.org/whats-on/a-dolls-house-west-end|archive-date=7 June 2013}}</ref> of ''A Doll's House'' directed by Carrie Cracknell<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/02/09/theater/carrie-cracknell-adds-a-21st-century-flavor-to-ibsen.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220101/https://www.nytimes.com/2014/02/09/theater/carrie-cracknell-adds-a-21st-century-flavor-to-ibsen.html |archive-date=2022-01-01 |url-access=limited|title=Carrie Cracknell Adds a 21st-Century Flavor to Ibsen|first=Alexis|last=Soloski|date=6 February 2014|work=The New York Times}}{{cbignore}}</ref> based on the English language version by Simon Stephens. In September 2014, in partnership with [[Brisbane Festival]], [[La Boite Theatre Company]] located in [[Brisbane, Australia]], hosted an adaptation of ''A Doll's House'' written by [[Lally Katz]] and directed by Stephen Mitchell Wright.<ref>{{cite web | title=A Doll's House by Henrik Ibsen in a new version by Lally Katz | url=http://www.laboite.com.au/cms/page.asp?ID=136 | publisher=La Boite Theatre Company | year=2014 | access-date=2 November 2014 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141102035856/http://www.laboite.com.au/cms/page.asp?ID=136 | archive-date=2 November 2014 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> In June 2015, Space Arts Centre in London staged an adaptation of ''A Doll's House'' featuring the discarded alternate ending.<ref name="A Doll's House at The Space">.{{cite web | title=A Doll's House at The Space | url=https://space.org.uk/2015/03/25/a-dolls-house-2/ | access-date=1 April 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402132006/https://space.org.uk/2015/03/25/a-dolls-house-2/ | archive-date=2 April 2015 | url-status=dead }}</ref> 'Manaveli' [[Toronto]] staged a [[Tamil language|Tamil]] version of ''A Doll's House'' ({{Langx|ta|ஒரு பொம்மையின் வீடு|label=none}}) on 30 June 2018, translated and directed by Mr P Vikneswaran. The drama was very well received by the [[Tamil Canadians|Tamil community in Toronto]] and was staged again a few months later. The same stage play was filmed at the beginning of 2019 and screened in Toronto on 4 May 2019. The film was received with very good reviews, and the artists were hailed for their performance. Arrangements were made to screen the film in London, at Safari Cinema Harrow, on 7 July 2019.<ref name="A Doll's House at The Space"/> From September 2019 to October 2019, the Lyric Hammersmith in London hosted a new adaptation of the play by Tanika Gupta who moved the setting of the play to [[colonial India]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lyric.co.uk/shows/a-dolls-house/|title=A Doll's House|publisher=Lyric|access-date=25 March 2020|archive-date=25 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200325112238/https://lyric.co.uk/shows/a-dolls-house/|url-status=live}}</ref> Though the plot largely remained unchanged, the protagonists were renamed Tom and Niru Helmer and a conversation was added regarding the British oppression of the Indian public. One significant shift was the lack of a slamming door at the end of the play. They also published a pack of teaching materials which includes extracts from the adapted play script.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://lyric.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/A-Dolls-House_Education-Pack_Lyric-2019.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://lyric.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/A-Dolls-House_Education-Pack_Lyric-2019.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live |title=A Doll's House: Education Pack for English A-Level and Drama GSCE Students |publisher=Lyric |access-date=24 May 2022}}</ref>

A production of ''A Doll's House'' by [[Jamie Lloyd (director)|The Jamie Lloyd Company]] starring [[Jessica Chastain]] was scheduled to play at the [[Playhouse Theatre]] in London in mid-2020. Due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom|COVID-19 pandemic]], the play was postponed to a later date.<ref>.{{cite web | title=The Jamie Lloyd Company announces the postponement of THE SEAGULL and A DOLL'S HOUSE | url=https://www.bestoftheatre.co.uk/blog/post/seagull-dolls-house-postponment | publisher=bestoftheatre.co.uk | access-date=28 May 2020 | archive-date=29 September 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200929223333/https://www.bestoftheatre.co.uk/blog/post/seagull-dolls-house-postponment | url-status=live }}</ref> In November 2022, it was announced that the production would instead premiere on Broadway at the [[Hudson Theatre]]. It began previews on 13 February 2023 and officially opened on 9 March, running until 10 June.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Evans |first=Greg |date=2022-11-16 |title=Jessica Chastain Returning To Broadway This Spring In Amy Herzog Adaptation Of Ibsen's 'A Doll's House' |url=https://deadline.com/2022/11/jessica-chastain-broadway-a-dolls-house-1235173738/ |access-date=2023-01-16 |website=Deadline |language=en-US}}</ref> It starred Chastain, [[Arian Moayed]], [[Michael Patrick Thornton]], and [[Okieriete Onaodowan]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hipes |first=Patrick |date=2023-01-03 |title='Succession's Arian Moayed, Okieriete Onaodowan Help Round Out Cast Of Jessica Chastain-Starring 'A Doll's House' Revival On Broadway |url=https://deadline.com/2023/01/a-dolls-house-broadway-cast-arian-moayed-okieriete-onaodowan-join-jessica-chastain-1235210002/ |access-date=2023-01-16 |website=Deadline |language=en-US |archive-date=16 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230116071838/https://deadline.com/2023/01/a-dolls-house-broadway-cast-arian-moayed-okieriete-onaodowan-join-jessica-chastain-1235210002/ |url-status=live }}</ref>