Editing 2001 (section)

== Environment and weather ==
{{main|2001 in the environment}}

{{see also|List of earthquakes in 2001|Tropical cyclones in 2001}}[[File:ElSalvadorslide.jpg|thumb|upright|One of the landslides caused by the [[January 2001 El Salvador earthquake|January 2001 earthquake in El Salvador]]]]2001 was the second hottest year on record at the time, exceeded only by [[1998]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Annual 2001 Global Climate Report |url=https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/monitoring/monthly-report/global/200113 |access-date=2023-03-25 |website=National Centers for Environmental Information |archive-date=March 25, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325051126/https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/monitoring/monthly-report/global/200113 |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change]] released its [[IPCC Third Assessment Report|Third Assessment Report]] on July 12.<ref name=":5" />{{Rp|page=213}} It warned that climate change in the 21st century could cause decreases in [[crop yield]]s and an increase in temperature-related ailments and deaths.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Readfearn |first=Graham |date=2014-03-31 |title=The hellish monotony of 25 years of IPCC climate change warnings |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/planet-oz/2014/mar/31/ipcc-climate-change-impacts-report-history-warnings |access-date=2023-03-25 |issn=0261-3077 |archive-date=March 25, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325051126/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/planet-oz/2014/mar/31/ipcc-climate-change-impacts-report-history-warnings |url-status=live }}</ref> Droughts occurred in Australia, Central America, Kenya, and the Middle East, the latter continuing from years prior. Hungary, Russia and Southeast Asia experienced significant rains, causing flooding. [[North Asia]] underwent a severe winter.<ref name=":0" /> [[La Niña]], which had been ongoing since 1998, ended in the east Atlantic by April 2001.<ref name=":5" />{{Rp|page=186}}

The [[Kyoto Protocol]] was weakened in March when President George W. Bush determined that the United States would relinquish its commitments to the agreement, but an effort to maintain the agreement in Europe was led by Germany.<ref name=":10" />{{Rp|pages=486–487}} There was an environmental scare in Europe during an investigation into depleted uranium from the [[Kosovo War]], but it was shown to pose no threat.<ref name=":10" />{{Rp|page=485}} The [[Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants]], which restricted several organic pollutants, was signed on May 22 and 23.<ref name=":10" />{{Rp|page=491}}

There were four earthquakes in 2001 that caused significant casualties. El Salvador was struck by two of them: [[January 2001 El Salvador earthquake|a 7.6-magnitude earthquake]] on January 13 and [[February 2001 El Salvador earthquake|a 6.6-magnitude earthquake]] on February 13, which resulted in the deaths of at least 944 and 315 people respectively.<ref name="proteccioncivil">{{cite web |title=Consolidado Final de Afectaciones - Terremoto El Salvador 13 de Enero de 2001 |url=http://proteccioncivil.gob.sv/zonadescargas/Terremoto%20Enero%20de%202001%20-%20Final.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924082509/http://www.proteccioncivil.gob.sv/zonadescargas/Terremoto%20Enero%20de%202001%20-%20Final.pdf |archive-date=September 24, 2015 |language=es}}</ref><ref name="USAID-2001" /> [[2001 Gujarat earthquake|The Bhuj earthquake]], a 7.7-magnitude earthquake in [[Gujarat]], India, on January 26 killed between 13,805 and 20,023 people, and destroyed nearly 340,000 buildings.<ref name="USGS">{{cite web |title=Preliminary Earthquake Report |url=http://neic.usgs.gov/neis/eq_depot/2001/eq_010126/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071120094220/http://neic.usgs.gov/neis/eq_depot/2001/eq_010126/ |archive-date=20 November 2007 |access-date=21 November 2007 |publisher=USGS Earthquake Hazards Program}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sen |first=Kavita |date=January 2001 |title=Economic consequences of the Gujarat earthquake |url=https://www.academia.edu/4617331 |website=Academia |access-date=November 30, 2022 |archive-date=November 30, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221130074959/https://www.academia.edu/4617331 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[2001 southern Peru earthquake|An 8.4-magnitude earthquake]], then the strongest that had occurred globally since [[1965 Rat Islands earthquake|1965]], killed at least 77 people in Peru on June 23.<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web |date=July 3, 2001 |title=Initial Report on 23 June 2001 Arequipa, Peru Earthquake |url=https://www.eeri.org/lfe/pdf/peru_arequipa_initial_reconnaissance_part1.pdf |access-date=November 30, 2021 |website=eeri.org |archive-date=December 5, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211205135748/https://www.eeri.org/lfe/pdf/peru_arequipa_initial_reconnaissance_part1.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> [[2001 Kunlun earthquake|A 7.8-magnitude earthquake]] struck China with an [[epicenter]] near [[Kokoxili]], close to the border between [[Qinghai]] and [[Xinjiang]], on November 14, but it occurred in a sparsely populated mountainous region and there were no casualties.<ref name="VanderWoerd_etal_2005">{{cite journal |last1=Van Der Woerd J. |last2=Meriaux, A.S. |last3=Klinger, Y. |last4=Ryerson, F.J. |last5=Gaudemer, Y. |last6=Tapponnier, P. |year=2002 |title=The 14 November 2001, Mw 7.8 Kokoxili earthquake in northern Tibet (Qinghai Province, China) |url=http://eost.unistra.fr/fileadmin/upload/EOST/Jeromevdw/publications/vdWoerd_et_al._SRL2002.pdf |url-status=dead |journal=Seismological Research Letters |volume=73 |issue=2 |pages=125–135 |doi=10.1785/gssrl.73.2.125 |bibcode=2002SeiRL..73..125V |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200901174057/http://eost.unistra.fr/fileadmin/upload/EOST/Jeromevdw/publications/vdWoerd_et_al._SRL2002.pdf |archive-date=1 September 2020 | issn = 0895-0695}}</ref> Sicily saw the eruption of [[Mount Etna]], beginning on July 17 and continuing into the next month.<ref name=":5" />{{Rp|page=185}}

The [[2001 Atlantic hurricane season]] was slightly more active than normal, including 15 tropical storms and hurricanes. The deadliest storms were [[Tropical Storm Allison]] in June, [[Hurricane Iris]] in October, and [[Hurricane Michelle]] in November. All three of these storms had their names [[List of retired Atlantic hurricane names|retired]] by the [[World Meteorological Organization]]. Tropical Storm Allison was the deadliest tropical storm to hit the United States without reaching hurricane strength.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=John L. Beven |author2=Stewart R. Stewart |author3=Miles B. Lawrence |author4=Lixion A. Avila |author5=James L. Franklin |author6=Richard J. Pasch |date=July 1, 2003 |title=Atlantic Hurricane Season of 2001 |url=https://journals.ametsoc.org/view/journals/mwre/131/7/1520-0493_2003_131_1454_ashso_2.0.co_2.xml?tab_body=pdf |journal=Monthly Weather Review |volume=131 |issue=7 |pages=1454–1484 |bibcode=2003MWRv..131.1454B |citeseerx=10.1.1.406.2342 |doi=10.1175/1520-0493(2003)131<1454:ASHSO>2.0.CO;2 |issn=1520-0493 |s2cid=123028502 |access-date=November 30, 2022 |archive-date=November 30, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221130165511/https://journals.ametsoc.org/view/journals/mwre/131/7/1520-0493_2003_131_1454_ashso_2.0.co_2.xml?tab_body=pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[2001 Pacific typhoon season]] was slightly larger than average, including 28 tropical storms, 20 typhoons, and 11 intense typhoons. The most powerful storms were [[Typhoon Podul (2001)|Typhoon Podul]] in October and [[Typhoon Faxai (2001)|Typhoon Faxai]] in December.<ref name="TSR2001Summ">{{cite web |last1=Rockett |first1=Paul |last2=Saunders |first2=Mark |last3=Roberts |first3=Frank |date=January 25, 2002 |title=Summary of 2001 NW Pacific Typhoon Season and Verification of Authors' Seasonal Forecasts |url=https://www.tropicalstormrisk.com/docs/TSRNWP2001Verification.pdf |website=Tropical Storm Risk |publisher=University College London |access-date=November 30, 2022 |archive-date=November 30, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221130162449/https://www.tropicalstormrisk.com/docs/TSRNWP2001Verification.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>