Editing 1993 (section)

===November===
{{Main|November 1993}}
* [[November 1]] – The [[Maastricht Treaty]] takes effect, formally establishing the [[European Union]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://european-union.europa.eu/principles-countries-history/principles-and-values/founding-agreements_en |title=Founding agreements |website=[[European Union]] |department=Principles and values |access-date=10 April 2022 |archive-date=April 9, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220409215631/https://european-union.europa.eu/principles-countries-history/principles-and-values/founding-agreements_en |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[November 4]] – [[Jean Chrétien]] becomes the 20th [[Prime Minister of Canada]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Profile - Chrétien, Joseph Jacques Jean |url=https://lop.parl.ca/sites/ParlInfo/default/en_CA/People/Profile?personId=306 |website=[[Parliament of Canada]] |department=People |publisher=[[Library of Parliament]] |access-date=10 April 2022 |archive-date=May 12, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220512033145/https://lop.parl.ca/sites/ParlInfo/default/en_CA/People/Profile?personId=306 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[November 5]] – The [[Parliament of the United Kingdom]] passes the [[Railways Act 1993]], setting out the procedures for [[privatisation of British Rail]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1993/43/introduction/enacted |title=Railways Act 1993 |website=[[legislation.gov.uk]] |publisher=[[Crown copyright#United Kingdom|Crown and database right]] |access-date=10 April 2022 |via=[[The National Archives (United Kingdom)|The National Archives]] |archive-date=April 10, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220410161515/https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1993/43/introduction/enacted |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[November 9]] – [[Croats of Bosnia and Herzegovina|Bosnian Croat]] forces destroy the ''[[Stari Most]]'', or Old Bridge of [[Mostar]], [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]], by tank fire.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1876&dat=19931111&id=-zcfAAAAIBAJ&pg=6713,3676022 |last=Buric |first=Nada |title=Croats blamed for destroying bridge |newspaper=Spartanburg Herald-Journal |agency=[[Associated Press]] |date=11 November 1993 |page=A9 |access-date=1 May 2022 |via=Google News |archive-date=May 1, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220501035103/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1876&dat=19931111&id=-zcfAAAAIBAJ&pg=6713,3676022 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.balcanicaucaso.org/eng/Areas/Bosnia-Herzegovina/Mostar-the-Old-One-twenty-years-later-143828#:~:text=Built%20nearly%20five%20centuries%20ago,bridge%20collapsed%20into%20the%20river. |last=Nuhefendić |first=Azra |title=Mostar: the Old One, twenty years later |publisher=[[Osservatorio Balcani e Caucaso Transeuropa]] |department=Bosnia Herzegovina |date=8 November 2013 |access-date=16 April 2022 |archive-date=April 16, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220416074637/https://www.balcanicaucaso.org/eng/Areas/Bosnia-Herzegovina/Mostar-the-Old-One-twenty-years-later-143828#:~:text=Built%20nearly%20five%20centuries%20ago,bridge%20collapsed%20into%20the%20river. |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[November 12]] – [[London Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter|London Convention]]: Marine dumping of [[radioactive waste]] is outlawed.
* [[November 14]] – In [[1993 Puerto Rican status referendum|a status referendum]], residents of [[Puerto Rico]] vote by a slim margin to maintain [[Commonwealth (U.S. insular area)|Commonwealth]] status.<ref>{{cite journal |first=José O. |last=Díaz |title=Puerto Rico, the United States, and the 1993 Referendum on Political Status |journal=[[Latin American Research Review]] |volume=30 |issue=1 |year=1995 |pages=203–11 |doi=10.1017/S0023879100017258 |jstor=2504095 |doi-access=free | issn=0023-8791}}</ref>
* [[November 17]]–[[November 22|22]] – The [[North American Free Trade Agreement]] (NAFTA) passes the legislative houses in the United States, Canada and Mexico.
* November 17
** In Nigeria, General [[Sani Abacha]] ousts the government of [[Ernest Shonekan]] in a military coup.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1993/11/18/world/nigerian-military-leader-ousts-interim-president.html |title=Nigerian Military Leader Ousts Interim President |newspaper=The New York Times |agency=[[The Associated Press]] |date=18 November 2022 |page=A15 |access-date=29 April 2022 |archive-date=July 24, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200724005126/https://www.nytimes.com/1993/11/18/world/nigerian-military-leader-ousts-interim-president.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
** The first meeting of the [[Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation]] summit opens in [[Seattle]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.apec.org/meeting-papers/annual-ministerial-meetings/1993/1993_amm |title=1993 APEC Ministerial Meeting |publisher=[[APEC]] Secretariat |access-date=12 May 2022 |archive-date=June 14, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220614225211/https://www.apec.org/meeting-papers/annual-ministerial-meetings/1993/1993_amm |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[November 20]] – An Avioimpex [[Yakovlev Yak-42D]] crashes into Mount Trojani near [[Ohrid]], [[Republic of Macedonia|Macedonia]]. All 8 crew members and 115 of the 116 passengers are killed.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19931120-1 |title=ASN Aircraft accident Yakovlev Yak-42D RA-42390 Ohrid Airport (OHD) |work=[[Aviation Safety Network]] |publisher=[[Flight Safety Foundation]] |access-date=10 April 2022 |archive-date=November 8, 2005 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051108121209/https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19931120-1 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[November 28]] – ''[[The Observer]]'' reveals that a channel of communications has existed between the [[Provisional Irish Republican Army]] and the British government, despite the government's persistent denials.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1993/11/29/world/britain-concedes-it-secretly-made-contact-with-ira.html |last=Darnton |first=John |author-link=John Darnton |title=BRITAIN CONCEDES IT SECRETLY MADE CONTACT WITH I.R.A. |newspaper=The New York Times |date=29 November 1993 |page=A1 |access-date=15 May 2022 |archive-date=May 15, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220515075930/https://www.nytimes.com/1993/11/29/world/britain-concedes-it-secretly-made-contact-with-ira.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[November 30]]
** An agreement establishing the Permanent Tripartite Commission for East African Co-operation is signed.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.eac.int/eac-history |title=History of the EAC |publisher=[[East African Community]] |department=About EAC |access-date=15 May 2022 |archive-date=April 30, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220430025410/https://www.eac.int/eac-history |url-status=live }}</ref>
** U.S. President [[Bill Clinton]] signs the [[Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://bradycampaign.org/about/bio/sarah |publisher=[[Brady Campaign to Prevent Gun Violence]] |title=Sarah Brady |department=Biographies |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121219041842/http://bradycampaign.org/about/bio/sarah |archive-date=19 December 2012 |access-date=10 April 2022}}</ref>