Editing 1918 (section)

=== November ===
{{main|November 1918}}
* [[November 1]]
** The [[Polish–Ukrainian War]] is inaugurated, by the proclamation of the [[West Ukrainian People's Republic]] in [[Galicia (Eastern Europe)|Galicia]], with a capital at [[Lviv|Lwów]].
** Serbian forces recapture Belgrade.
** [[Malbone Street Wreck]]: The worst [[rapid transit]] accident in world history occurs under the intersection of Malbone Street and Flatbush Avenue, in [[Brooklyn]], New York City, with at least 93 dead.
* [[November 3]]
** WWI: The [[Armistice of Villa Giusti]] is signed between Austria-Hungary and the [[Allies of WWI|Allies]] near [[Padua]].
** [[Poland]] declares its independence from Russia.
** [[German Revolution of 1918–1919|German Revolution]]: [[Kiel mutiny]] by sailors in the German fleet at [[Kiel]] while throughout northern [[German Empire|Germany]] soldiers and workers begin to establish revolutionary councils on the Russian [[Soviet (council)|soviet]] model.
* [[November 4]] – WWI: The [[Armistice of Villa Giusti]] comes into effect, ending warfare between Italy and Austria-Hungary on the Italian Front.
* [[November 6]] – A new Polish government is proclaimed in [[Lublin]].
* [[November 7]] – King [[Ludwig III of Bavaria|Ludwig of Bavaria]] flees his country.
* [[November 8]] – The German army withdraws its support of the Kaiser. The German Armistice delegation arrives at the [[Forest of Compiègne]] in France.
[[File:Ausrufung Republik Scheidemann.jpg|thumb|115px|[[November 9]]: [[Proclamation of the republic in Germany|Proclamation of German Republic]] by [[Philipp Scheidemann]] in Berlin on the [[Reichstag (building)|Reichstag]] balcony]]
* [[November 9]]
** Kaiser [[Wilhelm II of Germany]] abdicates and chooses to live in exile in the Netherlands.
** [[Proclamation of the republic in Germany]] by [[Philipp Scheidemann]] in [[Berlin]], on the [[Reichstag building|Reichstag]] balcony. One of several significant events on [[9 November in German history]].
** Provisional National Council Minister-President [[Kurt Eisner]] declares [[Bavaria]] to be a republic.
** British [[Pre-dreadnought battleship|battleship]] {{HMS|Britannia|1904|6}} is sunk by a German submarine off [[Cape Trafalgar|Trafalgar]], with the loss of around fifty lives (the last major naval engagement of WWI). 
[[File:Armisticetrain.jpg|thumb|Signatories to the [[Armistice of 11 November 1918]] with Germany, ending WWI, pose outside Marshal Foch's railway carriage]][[Image:NYTimes-Page1-11-11-1918.jpg|thumb|November 11: Front page of ''[[The New York Times]]'' on [[Armistice Day]]]]
*[[November 10]] Luxembourg communist forces rebel in Luxembourg city, beginning the [[Luxembourg rebellions]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Luxembourg's history : Mutiny in the Grand Duchy |url=https://today.rtl.lu/luxembourg-insider/history/a/1690130.html |access-date=2024-04-23 |website=today.rtl.lu |language=en}}</ref>
* [[November 11]]
** End of [[World War I|WWI]]: [[Armistice of 11 November 1918]] – Germany signs an [[armistice]] agreement with the Allies, between 5:12 AM and 5:20 AM, in the "[[Compiègne Wagon]]", Marshal [[Ferdinand Foch|Foch]]'s railroad car, in the [[Forest of Compiègne]] in France. It becomes official on the 11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th month.<ref>{{cite book|author=Pitt, Barrie|year=2003|title=1918: The Last Act|location=Barnsley|publisher=Pen and Sword|isbn=0-85052-974-3}}</ref> At 10:59 U.S. soldier [[Henry Gunther]] becomes (probably) the last killed in action.
** Poland regains independence, after 123 years of [[Partitions of Poland|partitions]]. [[Józef Piłsudski]] is appointed [[Commander-in-Chief]].
** Emperor [[Charles I of Austria]] gives up his absolute power, but does not abdicate.
** [[Loppem Agreements]]: Start of a series of political meetings between [[Albert I of Belgium|King Albert I]] and Belgian liberals and socialists. 
** [[Red Week (Netherlands)|Red Week]]: [[Pieter Jelles Troelstra]] gives a speech calling for socialist revolution in the Netherlands. 
* [[November 12]] – [[Republic of German-Austria|Austria]] becomes a [[republic]].
* [[November 13]] 
** The Allied [[Occupation of Constantinople]] begins. 
** [[Frederick II, Grand Duke of Baden]], relinquishes all governing duties.
* [[November 14]]
** [[Czechoslovakia]] becomes a [[republic]].
** The [[Second Polish Republic]] is proclaimed with [[Józef Piłsudski]] as [[head of state]].
** The provisional government of Baden proclaims the "Free People's [[Republic of Baden]]" (''Freie Volksrepublik Baden'').
** [[Ernest Louis, Grand Duke of Hesse]], is forced from his throne, leading to the establishment of the [[People's State of Hesse]].
** [[Frederick Francis IV, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin]] abdicates his throne, leading to the establishment of the [[Free State of Mecklenburg-Schwerin]].
** [[Charles Edward, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha]], announces he is ceasing to rule [[Saxe-Coburg and Gotha]], leading to the establishment of the [[Free State of Coburg]].
** [[German East Africa]]n troops are informed of the November 11 armistice.
* [[November 16]] – The [[Hungarian Democratic Republic]] is declared, marking [[Hungary]]'s independence from [[Austria]].
* [[November 18]] – [[Latvian Socialist Soviet Republic|Latvia]] declares its independence from Russia.
* [[November 20]] – [[U-boat]]s start to rendezvous off [[Harwich]], to begin the surrender of the [[High Seas Fleet]] to the British [[Royal Navy]]; in the following week the German warships are escorted to internment in [[Scapa Flow]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Massie|first=Robert K.|author-link=Robert K. Massie|title=[[Castles of Steel: Britain, Germany, and the Winning of the Great War at Sea]]|year=2004|publisher=Ballantine Books|location=New York|isbn=0-345-40878-0}}</ref>
* [[November 21]] – [[Lwów pogrom (1918)|Lwów pogrom]]: [[Second Polish Republic|Polish]] troops, volunteers and freed criminals massacre at least 320 Ukrainian Christians and [[History of the Jews in Poland|Jews]] in [[Lviv|Lwów]], [[Galicia (Eastern Europe)|Galicia]].
* [[November 22]]
** The [[Monarchy of Belgium|Belgian royal family]] returns to [[Brussels]] after the war, King [[Albert I of Belgium|Albert I]] having commanded the [[Allies of World War I|Allied]] army group in the September–October [[Battle of Courtrai (1918)|Courtrai offensive]], which liberated his country.
** [[Frederick II, Grand Duke of Baden]], abdicates; the [[Grand Duchy of Baden]] gives way to the [[Republic of Baden]].
* [[November 23]] – British military government of [[Palestine (region)|Palestine]] begins.<ref>{{cite book|last=Biger|first=Gideon|title=The Boundaries of Modern Palestine, 1840–1947|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jC9MbKNh8GUC|access-date=2009-05-02|year=2004|publisher=Routledge|location=London|isbn=978-0-7146-5654-0|pages=55, 164}}</ref>
* [[November 25]] – General [[Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck]], German commander in [[German East Africa]], signs a ceasefire at [[Mbala, Zambia|Abercorn]] in [[Northern Rhodesia]].
* [[November 26]] – The [[Podgorica Assembly]] ('Great National Assembly of the Serb People in Montenegro') votes for a "union of the people" between the kingdoms of [[Kingdom of Montenegro|Montenegro]] and [[Kingdom of Serbia|Serbia]] and for deposition of the exiled King [[Nicholas I of Montenegro]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Unification of Montenegro and Serbia (1918) - Podgorica's Assembly|url=http://www.montenet.org/history/podgskup.htm|website=Montenet|access-date=2017-12-17}}</ref>
* [[November 28]] – [[Estonian War of Independence]]: The [[Red Army]] invades [[Estonia]], starting the war. The [[Commune of the Working People of Estonia]] is established as a Soviet puppet state in [[Narva]] on the next day.
* [[November 29]] – [[Kingdom of Serbia|Serbia]] annexes [[Kingdom of Montenegro|Montenegro]], suspending the latter's existence as a sovereign state for nearly the entirety of the following 88 years.<ref name="auto">{{Cite news|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/serbia-ends-union-with-montenegro-1.785687|title=Serbia ends union with Montenegro|newspaper=The Irish Times|access-date=June 9, 2021|date=June 5, 2006}}</ref>
* [[November 30]] – [[Ernest Ansermet]] conducts the first concert by the ''[[Orchestre de la Suisse Romande]]''.