Editing Metropolitan area (section)

== Europe ==
[[File:Metro-Regions-2021.png|thumb|upright=1.1|Map of metropolitan regions by Eurostat in 2021.]]
The [[European Union]]'s statistical agency [[Eurostat]], in partnership with [[OECD]], has created a concept named [[functional urban area]] (FUA). The FUA represents an attempt at a harmonised definition of the metropolitan area, and the goal was to have an area from which a significant share of the residents commute into the city.<ref>{{cite web |title=What is the Urban Audit? |url=http://www.urbanaudit.org/help.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090212235821/http://www.urbanaudit.org/help.aspx |archive-date=2009-02-12 |website=Urban Audit}}</ref> The FUA consists of a city and its commuting zone,<ref name="fua">{{cite web |title=European cities – the EU-OECD functional urban area definition |url=https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Archive:European_cities_%E2%80%93_the_EU-OECD_functional_urban_area_definition |publisher=[[Eurostat]]}}</ref> which is a contiguous area of spatial units that have at least 15% of their employed residents working in the city.<ref>{{cite book |author=European Union/FAO/UN-Habitat/OECD/The World Bank |url=https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/3859598/15348338/KS-02-20-499-EN-N.pdf/0d412b58-046f-750b-0f48-7134f1a3a4c2?t=1669111363941 |title=Applying the Degree of Urbanisation — A methodological manual to define cities, towns and rural areas for international comparisons — 2021 edition |date=2021 |publisher=Publications Office of the European Union |isbn=978-92-76-20306-3 |location=Luxembourg |page=52 |language=en |doi=10.2785/706535}}</ref>

A further, derived concept is the typology of [[metropolitan region]]s. A [[Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics|NUTS]] 3 region (or a group thereof) is considered to be metropolitan, if at least 50% of its residents live inside a FUA with a population of 250,000 or more. NUTS 3 regions not meeting this criteria are considered to be non-metropolitan regions.<ref name="metroreg">{{cite web |title=Glossary:Metro regions |url=https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Glossary:Metro_regions |publisher=[[Eurostat]]}}</ref>

=== Albania ===
Urban population rate: 61% (2024).<ref name=":0" /> Metropolitan area population data are referred to 2024.<ref name=":1" />

* [[Tirana|Tirane]] Metropolitan Area: 995,789
* [[Durrës]] Metropolitan Area: 131,865

=== Austria ===
Urban population rate: 72% (2024).<ref name=":0" /> Metropolitan area population data are referred to 2024.<ref name=":1" />

* [[Vienna]] Metropolitan Area: 2,056,565
* [[Graz]] Metropolitan Area: 306,742
* [[Linz]] Metropolitan Area: 243,243
* [[Innsbruck]] Metropolitan Area: 144,226
* [[Salzburg]] Metropolitan Area: 143,452

=== Belarus ===
Urban population rate: 79% (2024).<ref name=":0" /> Metropolitan area population data are referred to 2024.<ref name=":1" />
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+
!Name
!Population
|-
|[[Minsk]] Metropolitan Area
|2,093,512
|-
|[[Gomel]] Metropolitan Area
|571,257
|-
|[[Vitebsk]] Metropolitan Area
|382,195
|-
|[[Mogilev]] Metropolitan Area
|334,165
|-
|[[Brest, Belarus|Brest]] Metropolitan Area (Brest + [[Terespol]])
|326,182
|-
|[[Grodno]] Metropolitan Area
|309,064
|-
|[[Babruysk|Bobruisk]] Metropolitan Area
|197,539
|-
|[[Baranavichy|Baranavici]] Metropolitan Area
|162,854
|-
|[[Pinsk]] Metropolitan Area
|132,029
|-
|[[Barysaw|Borisov]] Metropolitan Area
|112,218
|}

=== Belgium ===
Urban population rate: 98% (2024).<ref name=":0" /> Metropolitan area population data are referred to 2024.<ref name=":1" />

* [[Brussels|Bruxelles]] Metropolitan Area: 1,468,754
* [[Antwerp]] Metropolitan Area: 767,652
* [[Liège|Liege]] Metropolitan Area: 373,662
* [[Ghent|Gent]] Metropolitan Area: 250,379
* [[Charleroi]] Metropolitan Area: 222,465

=== Bosnia and Herzegovina ===
Urban population rate: 56% (2024).<ref name=":0" /> Metropolitan area population data are referred to 2024.<ref name=":1" />

* [[Sarajevo]] Metropolitan Area: 235,734

=== Bulgaria ===
Urban population rate: 76% (2024).<ref name=":0" /> Metropolitan area population data are referred to 2024.<ref name=":1" />

* [[Sofia]] Metropolitan Area: 1,068,057
* [[Plovdiv]] Metropolitan Area: 331,578
* [[Varna, Bulgaria|Varna]] Metropolitan Area: 286,140
* [[Burgas]] Metropolitan Area: 102,154

=== Croatia ===
Urban population rate: 65% (2024).<ref name=":0" /> Metropolitan area population data are referred to 2024.<ref name=":1" />

* [[Zagreb]] Metropolitan Area: 643,962
* [[Split, Croatia|Split]] Metropolitan Area: 215,968
* [[Rijeka]] Metropolitan Area: 115,636

=== Czechia ===
Urban population rate: 78% (2024).<ref name=":0" /> Metropolitan area population data are referred to 2024.<ref name=":1" />

* [[Prague]] Metropolitan Area: 1,201,278
* [[Brno]] Metropolitan Area: 313,582
* [[Ostrava]] Metropolitan Area: 150,766
* [[Plzeň|Plzen]] Metropolitan Area: 146,255

=== Denmark ===
Urban population rate: 89% (2024).<ref name=":0" /> Metropolitan area population data are referred to 2024.<ref name=":1" />

* [[Copenhagen]] Metropolitan Area: 1,338,887
* [[Aarhus]] Metropolitan Area: 252,649
* [[Odense]] Metropolitan Area: 147,088
* [[Aalborg]] Metropolitan Area: 101,029

=== Estonia ===
Urban population rate: 74% (2024).<ref name=":0" /> Metropolitan area population data are referred to 2024.<ref name=":1" />

* [[Tallinn]] Metropolitan Area: 449,861

=== Finland ===
Urban population rate: 88% (2024).<ref name=":0" /> Metropolitan area population data are referred to 2024.<ref name=":1" />

* [[Helsinki]] Metropolitan Area (Helsinki + [[Espoo]]): 1,001,125
* [[Tampere]] Metropolitan Area: 153,567
* [[Turku]] Metropolitan Area: 104,248

=== France ===
{{main|Functional area (France)}}

France's national statistics office, [[INSEE]], names an urban core and its surrounding area of commuter influence an {{ill|aire d'attraction d'une ville|fr|aire d'attraction d'une ville|italic=y}} (AAV, literally meaning "catchment area of a city"), plural: ''aires d'attraction des villes''.<ref name="AAV">{{cite web |title=Le nouveau zonage en aires d'attraction des villes |url=https://www.insee.fr/fr/information/4808607 |access-date=2022-04-09 |publisher=[[INSEE]]}}</ref> The official translation of this statistical area in English (as used by INSEE) is "functional area".<ref name="FU">{{cite web |title=Functional areas |url=https://www.insee.fr/en/metadonnees/definition/c2173 |access-date=2022-04-09 |publisher=[[INSEE]]}}</ref> The AAV follows the same definition as the [[Functional Urban Area]] (FUA) used by [[Eurostat]] and the [[OECD]], and the AAVs are thus strictly comparable to the FUAs.<ref name="FU" />

The AAV replaced in 2020 the metropolitan statistical area called ''[[aire urbaine]]'' (AU).<ref name="AAV" /> The AU, which was defined differently than the AAV, has now been discarded by INSEE and replaced with the AAV in order to facilitate international comparisons.<ref name="FU" />

Urban population rate: 88% (2024).<ref name=":0" /> Metropolitan area population data are referred to 2024.<ref name=":1" />
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+
!Name
!Population
|-
|[[Île-de-France|Ile-de-France]] Conurbation
|10,242,434
|-
|[[Lyon]] Metropolitan Area
|1,194,741
|-
|[[Marseille]] Metropolitan Area
|911,934
|-
|[[Lille]] Metropolitan Area (Lille + [[Mouscron]])
|907,123
|-
|[[Toulouse]] Metropolitan Area
|712,882
|-
|[[Bordeaux]] Metropolitan Area
|642,756
|-
|[[French Riviera|Cote-d'Azur]] Conurbation ([[Nice]] + [[Cannes]])
|606,433
|-
|[[Nantes]] Metropolitan Area
|472,262
|-
|[[Strasbourg]] Metropolitan Area (Strasbourg + [[Kehl]])
|419,245
|-
|[[Toulon]] Metropolitan Area
|368,851
|-
|[[Grenoble]] Metropolitan Area
|338,199
|-
|[[Rouen]] Metropolitan Area
|320,960
|-
|[[Montpellier]] Metropolitan Area
|293,865
|-
|[[Rennes]] Metropolitan Area
|227,572
|-
|[[Nancy, France|Nancy]] Metropolitan Area
|213,797
|-
|[[Tours]] Metropolitan Area
|211,591
|-
|[[Dijon]] Metropolitan Area
|208,040
|-
|[[Cambrin]] Metropolitan Area
|207,779
|-
|[[Clermont-Ferrand]] Metropolitan Area
|191,311
|-
|[[Saint-Denis, Réunion|Saint Denis]] Metropolitan Area ([[Réunion|Reunion]])
|189,854
|-
|[[Reims]] Metropolitan Area
|189,743
|-
|[[Mulhouse]] Metropolitan Area
|189,297
|-
|[[Le Havre]] Metropolitan Area
|187,643
|-
|[[Orléans|Orleans]] Metropolitan Area
|179,869
|-
|[[Angers]] Metropolitan Area
|176,839
|-
|[[Saint-Étienne|Saint-Etienne]] Metropolitan Area
|172,766
|-
|[[Caen]] Metropolitan Area
|164,788
|-
|[[Nouméa|Noumea]] Metropolitan Area ([[New Caledonia|New Caleidonia]])
|153,190
|-
|[[Metz]] Metropolitan Area
|151,221
|-
|[[Le Mans]] Metropolitan Area
|147,383
|-
|[[Brest, France|Brest]] Metropolitan Area
|142,527
|-
|[[Amiens]] Metropolitan Area
|136,532
|-
|[[Limoges]] Metropolitan Area
|129,255
|-
|[[Dunkirk|Dunkerque]] Metropolitan Area
|127,529
|-
|[[Mamoudzou]] Metropolitan Area ([[Mayotte]])
|127,511
|-
|[[Perpignan]] Metropolitan Area
|115,845
|-
|[[Pau, Pyrénées-Atlantiques|Pau]] Metropolitan Area
|112,672
|-
|[[Troyes]] Metropolitan Area
|109,941
|-
|[[Papeete]] Metropolitan Area ([[French Polynesia]])
|109,747
|-
|[[Besançon]] Metropolitan Area
|108,712
|-
|[[Le Port, Réunion|Le Port]] Metropolitan Area ([[Réunion|Reunion]])
|105,572
|-
|[[Annecy]] Metropolitan Area 
|102,728
|-
|[[Nîmes]] Metropolitan Area
|101,743
|-
|[[Valenciennes]] Metropolitan Area
|101,583
|}

=== Germany ===
[[Metropolitan regions in Germany]] by definition, are the eleven urban areas that are the most densely populated areas in the [[Federal Republic of Germany]]. They comprise the major German cities and their surrounding catchment areas and form the political, commercial and cultural centers of the country. For urban centers outside metropolitan areas, that generate a similar attraction at smaller scale for their region, the concept of the Regiopolis and respectively regiopolitan area or region was introduced by German professors in 2006.

Urban population rate: 79% (2024).<ref name=":0" /> Metropolitan area population data are referred to 2024.<ref name=":1" />
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+
!Name
!Population
|-
|[[Ruhr|Ruhr Conurbation]] ([[Bonn]] + [[Cologne|Koln]] + [[Düsseldorf]] + [[Wuppertal]] + [[Dortmund]] + [[Hagen]])
|7,822,542
|-
|[[Berlin]] Conurbation
|3,775,954
|-
|[[Hamburg]] Metropolitan Area
|1,841,656
|-
|[[Munich]] Metropolitan Area
|1,827,704
|-
|[[Frankfurt|Frankfurt am Main]] Conurbation
|1,505,111
|-
|[[Stuttgart]] Conurbation
|1,117,893
|-
|[[Nuremberg|Nurnberg]] Metropolitan Area
|759,135
|-
|[[Hanover|Hannover]] Metropolitan Area
|663,997
|-
|[[Leipzig]] Metropolitan Area
|585,335
|-
|[[Dresden]] Metropolitan Area
|566,233
|-
|[[Bremen]] Metropolitan Area
|559,521
|-
|[[Mannheim]] Metropolitan Area
|456,549
|-
|[[Augsburg]] Metropolitan Area
|312,094
|-
|[[Karlsruhe]] Metropolitan Area
|286,982
|-
|[[Aachen]] Metropolitan Area (Aachen + [[Kerkrade]])
|226,264
|-
|[[Kassel]] Metropolitan Area
|222,869
|-
|[[Bielefeld]] Metropolitan Area
|214,193
|-
|[[Kiel]] Metropolitan Area
|209,786
|-
|[[Münster|Munster]] Metropolitan Area
|207,455
|-
|[[Heidelberg]] Metropolitan Area
|196,429
|-
|[[Magdeburg]] Metropolitan Area
|193,706
|-
|[[Halle (Saale)|Halle]] Metropolitan Area
|185,076
|-
|[[Braunschweig]] Metropolitan Area
|180,612
|-
|[[Freiburg im Breisgau]] Metropolitan Area
|179,912
|-
|[[Rostock]] Metropolitan Area
|168,453
|-
|[[Chemnitz]] Metropolitan Area
|168,021
|-
|[[Lübeck|Lubeck]] Metropolitan Area
|150,413
|-
|[[Saarbrücken]] Metropolitan Area
|146,109
|-
|[[Oldenburg (city)|Oldenburg]] Metropolitan Area
|144,961
|-
|[[Erfurt]] Metropolitan Area
|141,749
|-
|[[Koblenz]] Metropolitan Area
|138,095
|-
|[[Regensburg]] Metropolitan Area
|133,794
|-
|[[Würzburg|Wurzburg]] Metropolitan Area
|121,062
|-
|[[Heilbronn]] Metropolitan Area
|121,015
|-
|[[Bremerhaven]] Metropolitan Area
|116,975
|-
|[[Darmstadt]] Metropolitan Area
|116,051
|-
|[[Osnabrück|Osnabruck]] Metropolitan Area
|105,944
|-
|[[Ulm]] Metropolitan Area
|103,439
|}

=== Greece ===
Urban population rate: 68% (2024).<ref name=":0" /> Metropolitan area population data are referred to 2024.<ref name=":1" />

* [[Athens]] Metropolitan Area: 3,166,757
* [[Thessaloniki]] Metropolitan Area: 783,450
* [[Heraklion]] Metropolitan Area: 159,049
* [[Patras]] Metropolitan Area: 146,128
* [[Larissa|Larisa]] Metropolitan Area: 118,892

=== Hungary ===
Urban population rate: 72% (2024).<ref name=":0" /> Metropolitan area population data are referred to 2024.<ref name=":1" />

* [[Budapest]] Metropolitan Area: 1,743,875
* [[Debrecen]] Metropolitan Area: 139,471
* [[Pécs|Pecs]] Metropolitan Area: 123,329
* [[Szeged]] Metropolitan Area: 122,060
* [[Miskolc]] Metropolitan Area: 115,425

=== Iceland ===
Urban population rate: 73% (2024).<ref name=":0" /> Metropolitan area population data are referred to 2024.<ref name=":1" />

* Reykjavik Metropolitan Area: 206,895

=== Ireland ===
Urban population rate: 69% (2024).<ref name=":0" /> Metropolitan area population data are referred to 2024.<ref name=":1" />

* [[Dublin]] Metropolitan Area: 1,310,160
* [[Cork (city)|Cork]] Metropolitan Area: 137,272

=== Italy ===
In 2001 Italy transformed 14 provinces of some of the country's largest cities into ''[[Metropolitan cities of Italy|Metropolitan Cities]]''. Therefore, the territory of the ''Metropolitan City'' corresponds to that of a standard Italian province.

Urban population rate: 73% (2024).<ref name=":0" /> Metropolitan area population data are referred to 2024.<ref name=":1" />
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+
!Name
!Population
|-
|[[Milan metropolitan area|Milano conurbation]] ([[Milan|Milano]] + [[Monza]] and nearby cities)
|3,579,039
|-
|[[Naples metropolitan area|Napoli conurbation]] ([[Naples|Napoli]] + [[Caserta]] + [[Salerno]] and nearby cities)
|3,415,763
|-
|[[Rome metropolitan area|Roma conurbation]]
|2,799,884
|-
|[[Turin metropolitan area|Torino conurbation]]
|1,243,448
|-
|[[Palermo metropolitan area|Palermo conurbation]]
|720,937
|-
|[[Florence|Firenze conurbation]] ([[Florence|Firenze]] + [[Prato]] + [[Pistoia]] and nearby cities)
|711,105
|-
|[[Catania]] Metropolitan Area
|529,493
|-
|[[Genoa|Genova]] Metropolitan Area
|523,194
|-
|[[Bologna]] Metropolitan Area
|456,780
|-
|[[Bergamo]] Metropolitan Area
|448,364
|-
|[[Bari]] Metropolitan Area
|311,280
|-
|[[Cagliari]] Metropolitan Area
|257,468
|-
|[[Padua|Padova]] Metropolitan Area
|244,498
|-
|[[Brescia]] Metropolitan Area
|243,287
|-
|[[Venice|Venezia]] Metropolitan Area
|222,475
|-
|[[Verona]] Metropolitan Area
|216,582
|-
|[[Pescara]] Metropolitan Area
|212,590
|-
|[[Messina]] Metropolitan Area
|178,836
|-
|[[Trieste]] Metropolitan Area
|178,655
|-
|[[Modena]] Metropolitan Area
|155,015
|-
|[[Como]] Metropolitan Area
|151,878
|-
|[[Livorno]] Metropolitan Area
|149,983
|-
|[[Parma]] Metropolitan Area
|148,518
|-
|[[Taranto]] Metropolitan Area
|136,105
|-
|[[Reggio Calabria]] Metropolitan Area
|128,270
|-
|[[Foggia]] Metropolitan Area
|126,645
|-
|[[Rimini]] Metropolitan Area
|126,273
|-
|[[Vicenza]] Metropolitan Area
|121,637
|-
|[[Reggio Emilia]] Metropolitan Area
|119,756
|-
|[[Bolzano]] Metropolitan Area
|107,197
|-
|[[Massa, Tuscany|Massa]] Metropolitan Area
|101,572
|-
|[[Udine]] Metropolitan Area
|101,454
|}

=== Kosovo ===
Urban population rate: 42% (2024).<ref name=":0" /> Metropolitan area population data are referred to 2024.<ref name=":1" />

* [[Pristina]] Metropolitan Area: 218,971

=== Latvia ===
Urban population rate: 72% (2024).<ref name=":0" /> Metropolitan area population data are referred to 2024.<ref name=":1" />

* [[Riga]] Metropolitan Area: 516,897

=== Lithuania ===
Urban population rate: 72% (2024).<ref name=":0" /> Metropolitan area population data are referred to 2024.<ref name=":1" />

* [[Vilnius]] Metropolitan Area: 339,420
* [[Kaunas]] Metropolitan Area: 236,910
* [[Klaipėda|Klaipeda]] Metropolitan Area: 103,210

=== Luxembourg ===
Urban population rate: 88% (2024).<ref name=":0" /> Metropolitan area population data are referred to 2024.<ref name=":1" />

* [[Luxembourg City|Luxembourg]] Metropolitan Area: 161,303

=== Malta ===
Urban population rate: 89% (2024).<ref name=":0" /> Metropolitan area population data are referred to 2024.<ref name=":1" />

* [[Birkirkara]] Metropolitan Area ([[Valletta]] and nearby cities): 366,066

=== Moldova ===
Urban population rate: 55% (2024).<ref name=":0" /> Metropolitan area population data are referred to 2024.<ref name=":1" />

* [[Chișinău|Chisinau]] Metropolitan Area: 450,581

=== Montenegro ===
Metropolitan area population data are referred to 2024.<ref name=":1" />
* [[Podgorica]] Metropolitan Area: 152,731

=== Netherlands ===
Urban population rate: 86% (2024).<ref name=":0" /> Metropolitan area population data are referred to 2024.<ref name=":1" />
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+
!Name
!Population
|-
|[[Rotterdam]] Conurbation (Rotterdam + [[Delft]] + [[The Hague|Den Haag]] + [[Zoetermeer]])
|2,173,754
|-
|[[Amsterdam]] Conurbation
|1,223,407
|-
|[[Utrecht]] Metropolitan Area
|519,237
|-
|[[Eindhoven]] Metropolitan Area
|293,438
|-
|[[Leiden]] Metropolitan Area
|268,631
|-
|[[Dordrecht]] Metropolitan Area
|252,512
|-
|[[Haarlem]] Metropolitan Area
|207,592
|-
|[[Tilburg]] Metropolitan Area
|206,798
|-
|[[Arnhem]] Metropolitan Area
|194,293
|-
|[[Nijmegen]] Metropolitan Area
|190,473
|-
|[[Amersfoort]] Metropolitan Area
|186,756
|-
|[[Almere]] Metropolitan Area
|185,506
|-
|[[Breda]] Metropolitan Area
|177,734
|-
|[[Alkmaar]] Metropolitan Area
|171,003
|-
|[[Groningen]] Metropolitan Area
|167,782
|-
|[[Willemstad]] ([[Curaçao|Curacao]]) Metropolitan Area
|162,059
|-
|[[Heerlen]] Metropolitan Area
|160,135
|-
|'[['s-Hertogenbosch|s-Hertongenbosch]] Metropolitan Area
|144,486
|-
|[[Apeldoorn]] Metropolitan Area
|133,570
|-
|[[Enschede]] Metropolitan Area
|129,372
|-
|[[Maastricht]] Metropolitan Area
|124,921
|-
|[[Zwolle]] Metropolitan Area
|120,061
|}

=== North Macedonia ===
Urban population rate: 67% (2024).<ref name=":0" /> Metropolitan area population data are referred to 2024.<ref name=":1" />

* [[Skopje]] Metropolitan Area: 402,733

=== Norway ===
Urban population rate: 84% (2024).<ref name=":0" /> Metropolitan area population data are referred to 2024.<ref name=":1" />

* [[Oslo]] Metropolitan Area: 889,573
* [[Stavanger]] Metropolitan Area: 205,533
* [[Bergen]] Metropolitan Area: 148,237
* [[Trondheim]] Metropolitan Area: 142,104

=== Poland ===
Urban population rate: 68% (2024).<ref name=":0" /> Metropolitan area population data are referred to 2024.<ref name=":1" />
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+
!Name
!Population
|-
|[[Warsaw]] Metropolitan Area
|1,999,986
|-
|[[Katowice urban area|Katowice conurbation]]
|1,408,364
|-
|[[Kraków|Krakow]] Metropolitan Area
|723,413
|-
|[[Gdańsk|Gdansk]] Metropolitan Area
|615,013
|-
|[[Łódź|Lodz]] Metropolitan Area
|582,587
|-
|[[Wrocław|Wroclaw]] Metropolitan Area
|531,845
|-
|[[Poznań]] Metropolitan Area
|531,736
|-
|[[Lublin]] Metropolitan Area
|320,313
|-
|[[Białystok|Bialystok]] Metropolitan Area
|289,226
|-
|[[Szczecin]] Metropolitan Area
|269,836
|-
|[[Wałbrzych|Walbrzych]] Metropolitan Area
|182,732
|-
|[[Rzeszów|Rzeszow]] Metropolitan Area
|180,696
|-
|[[Bielsko-Biała|Bielsko-Biala]] Metropolitan Area
|136,717
|}

=== Portugal ===
Urban population rate: 68% (2024).<ref name=":0" /> Metropolitan area population data are referred to 2024.<ref name=":1" />

* [[Lisbon]] Metropolitan Area: 2,443,987
* [[Porto]] Metropolitan Area: 1,060,250
* [[Funchal]] Metropolitan Area: 135,362

=== Romania ===
Urban population rate: 65% (2024).<ref name=":0" /> Metropolitan area population data are referred to 2024.<ref name=":1" />
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+
!Name
!Population
|-
|[[Bucharest]] Metropolitan Area
|1,971,350
|-
|[[Cluj-Napoca]] Metropolitan Area
|321,095
|-
|[[Iași|Iasi]] Metropolitan Area
|304,851
|-
|[[Timișoara|Timisoara]] Metropolitan Area
|288,523
|-
|[[Constanța|Constanta]] Metropolitan Area
|273,012
|-
|[[Craiova]] Metropolitan Area
|260,150
|-
|[[Galați|Galati]] Metropolitan Area
|232,217
|-
|[[Brașov|Brasov]] Metropolitan Area
|230,438
|-
|[[Ploiești|Ploiesti]] Metropolitan Area
|187,350
|-
|[[Oradea]] Metropolitan Area
|156,341
|-
|[[Giurgiu]] Metropolitan Area
|141,675
|-
|[[Brăila|Braila]] Metropolitan Area
|138,888
|-
|[[Pitești|Pitesti]] Metropolitan Area
|132,100
|-
|[[Târgu Mureș|Targu-Mures]] Metropolitan Area
|118,255
|-
|[[Sibiu]] Metropolitan Area
|117,695
|-
|[[Bacău|Bacau]] Metropolitan Area
|117,407
|-
|[[Arad, Romania|Arad]] Metropolitan Area
|112,052
|-
|[[Oltenița|Oltenita]] Metropolitan Area
|108,928
|}

=== Russia ===
Urban population rate: 78% (2024).<ref name=":07">{{Cite journal |last=Ritchie |first=Hannah |last2=Samborska |first2=Veronika |last3=Roser |first3=Max |date=2024-02-21 |title=Urbanization |url=https://ourworldindata.org/urbanization |journal=Our World in Data |language=en}}</ref> Metropolitan area population data are referred to 2024.<ref name=":17">{{Cite web |title=Global Human Settlement - Stats in the city visualisation - European Commission |url=https://human-settlement.emergency.copernicus.eu/ucdb2024visual.php |access-date=2025-04-25 |website=human-settlement.emergency.copernicus.eu}}</ref>

* [[Moscow|Moskva]] Metropolitan Area: 14,384,082

=== Serbia ===
Urban population rate: 63% (2024).<ref name=":0" /> Metropolitan area population data are referred to 2024.<ref name=":1" />

* [[Belgrade|Beograd]] Metropolitan Area: 1,200,547
* [[Novi Sad]] Metropolitan Area: 286,753
* [[Niš|Nis]] Metropolitan Area: 219,095
* [[Kragujevac]] Metropolitan Area: 140,856

=== Slovakia ===
Urban population rate: 62% (2024).<ref name=":0" /> Metropolitan area population data are referred to 2024.<ref name=":1" />

* [[Bratislava]] Metropolitan Area: 310,204
* [[Košice]] Metropolitan Area: 223,173

=== Slovenia ===
Urban population rate: 57% (2024).<ref name=":0" /> Metropolitan area population data are referred to 2024.<ref name=":1" />

* [[Ljubljana]] Metropolitan Area: 252,736

=== Spain ===
Urban population rate: 82% (2024).<ref name=":0" /> Metropolitan area population data are referred to 2024.<ref name=":1" />
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+
!Name
!Population
|-
|[[Madrid|Madrid conurbation]]
|5,680,137
|-
|[[Barcelona|Barcelona conurbation]]
|3,908,362
|-
|[[Valencia]] Metropolitan Area
|1,404,208
|-
|[[Bilbao]] Metropolitan Area
|729,222
|-
|[[Seville|Sevilla]] Metropolitan Area
|696,193
|-
|[[Zaragoza]] Metropolitan Area
|624,271
|-
|[[Málaga]] Metropolitan Area
|522,827
|-
|[[Palma de Mallorca]] Metropolitan Area
|467,468
|-
|[[Las Palmas|Las Palmas de Gran Canaria]] Metropolitan Area
|378,494
|-
|[[Granada]] Metropolitan Area
|362,800
|-
|[[Murcia]] Metropolitan Area
|341,431
|-
|[[Alicante]] Metropolitan Area
|331,089
|-
|[[Santa Cruz de Tenerife]] Metropolitan Area
|324,645
|-
|[[Pamplona]] Metropolitan Area
|296,609
|-
|[[Valladolid]] Metropolitan Area
|290,636
|-
|[[Vigo]] Metropolitan Area
|265,407
|-
|[[A Coruña]] Metropolitan Area
|249,861
|-
|[[Gijón]] Metropolitan Area
|229,261
|-
|[[Algeciras]] Metropolitan Area
|215,007
|-
|[[San Sebastián]] Metropolitan Area
|214,645
|-
|[[Santander, Spain|Santander]] Metropolitan Area
|206,816
|-
|[[Vitoria-Gasteiz|Vitoria]] Metropolitan Area
|203,909
|-
|[[Alcalá de Henares]] Metropolitan Area
|184,497
|-
|[[Oviedo]] Metropolitan Area
|170,846
|-
|[[Almería]] Metropolitan Area
|169,121
|-
|[[Castellón de la Plana]] Metropolitan Area
|158,875
|-
|[[Salamanca]] Metropolitan Area
|143,857
|-
|[[Logroño]] Metropolitan Area
|142,370
|-
|[[Ceuta]] Metropolitan Area
|137,945
|-
|[[Girona]] Metropolitan Area
|132,100
|-
|[[Tarragona]] Metropolitan Area
|131,944
|-
|[[Jerez de la Frontera]] Metropolitan Area
|130,424
|-
|[[Cádiz]] Metropolitan Area
|130,037
|-
|[[Melilla]] Metropolitan Area
|126,133
|-
|[[Mataró]] Metropolitan Area
|123,418
|-
|[[Marbella]] Metropolitan Area
|119,627
|-
|[[Burgos]] Metropolitan Area
|117,187
|-
|[[Huelva]] Metropolitan Area
|113,533
|-
|[[Torrevieja]] Metropolitan Area
|105,360
|}

=== Sweden ===
The [[list of metropolitan areas in Sweden]] is collated based on statistics of commuting between central municipalities and surrounding municipalities and taking into account existing planning cooperation in the country's three geographic regions.<ref>{{cite web |title=Geografin i statistiken – regionala indelningar i Sverigelanguage=sv |url=https://www.scb.se/contentassets/e98247b537e14fc4b3f27f203adcce09/ov9999_2004a01_br_x20op0502.pdf |publisher=[[Statistics Sweden]]}}</ref> They were defined around 1965. In 2005, a number of further municipalities were added to the defined areas.

Urban population rate: 88% (2024).<ref name=":0" /> Metropolitan area population data are referred to 2024.<ref name=":1" />

* [[Stockholm]] Metropolitan Area: 1,543,892
* [[Gothenburg]] Metropolitan Area: 599,675
* [[Malmö|Malmo]] Metropolitan Area: 339,007
* [[Uppsala]] Metropolitan Area: 133,611
* [[Helsingborg]] Metropolitan Area: 106,339
* [[Västerås|Vasteras]] Metropolitan Area: 104,147

=== Switzerland ===
Urban population rate: 77% (2024).<ref name=":0" /> Metropolitan area population data are referred to 2024.<ref name=":1" />

* [[Zürich|Zurich]] Metropolitan Area: 689,208
* [[Geneva|Geneve]] Metropolitan Area (Geneve + [[Annemasse]]): 433,727
* [[Lausanne]] Metropolitan Area: 288,888
* [[Basel]] Metropolitan Area (Basel + [[Lörrach|Lorrach]] + [[Buschwiller]]): 285,823
* [[Bern]] Metropolitan Area: 193,474
* [[Lucerne|Luzern]] Metropolitan Area: 146,604

=== Ukraine ===
Boundaries are referred to the [[Treaty on the Russian–Ukrainian border]] signed in 2003.

Urban population rate: 73% (2024).<ref name=":0" /> Metropolitan area population data are referred to 2024.<ref name=":1" />
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+
!Name
!Population
|-
|[[Kyiv]] Metropolitan Area
|2,575,199
|-
|[[Kharkiv]] Metropolitan Area
|1,284,380
|-
|[[Odesa]] Metropolitan Area
|977,813
|-
|[[Dnipro]] Metropolitan Area
|761,540
|-
|[[Donetsk]] Metropolitan Area
|690,522
|-
|[[Zaporizhzhia]] Metropolitan Area
|624,951
|-
|[[Lviv]] Metropolitan Area
|604,320
|-
|[[Kryvyi Rih|Krivyy Rih]] Metropolitan Area
|471,275
|-
|[[Mykolaiv|Mikolaiv]] Metropolitan Area
|412,070
|-
|[[Vinnytsia|Vinnitsa]] Metropolitan Area
|383,836
|-
|[[Mariupol]] Metropolitan Area
|363,415
|-
|[[Luhansk]] Metropolitan Area
|342,311
|-
|[[Simferopol]] Metropolitan Area
|338,634
|-
|[[Chernihiv]] Metropolitan Area
|278,668
|-
|[[Cherkasy]] Metropolitan Area
|278,510
|-
|[[Poltava]] Metropolitan Area
|275,189
|-
|[[Khmelnytskyi|Khmelnitskyy]] Metropolitan Area
|259,104
|-
|[[Kherson]] Metropolitan Area
|246,357
|-
|[[Zhytomyr|Zhytomir]] Metropolitan Area
|242,883
|-
|[[Chernivtsi]] Metropolitan Area
|240,725
|-
|[[Ivano-Frankivsk]] Metropolitan Area
|237,552
|-
|[[Rivne]] Metropolitan Area
|228,212
|-
|[[Kropyvnytskyi|Kropivnitskyy]] Metropolitan Area
|225,913
|-
|[[Kamianske]] Metropolitan Area
|223,589
|-
|[[Lutsk]] Metropolitan Area
|218,316
|-
|[[Sumy]] Metropolitan Area
|214,376
|-
|[[Kremenchuk]] Metropolitan Area
|213,125
|-
|Bialitserkva Metropolitan Area
|207,328
|-
|[[Horlivka]] Metropolitan Area
|195,806
|-
|[[Sevastopol]] Metropolitan Area
|189,598
|-
|[[Ternopil]] Metropolitan Area
|187,740
|-
|[[Melitopol]] Metropolitan Area
|166,662
|-
|[[Kramatorsk]] Metropolitan Area
|150,246
|-
|[[Alchevsk]] Metropolitan Area
|139,091
|-
|[[Nikopol, Ukraine|Nikopol]] Metropolitan Area
|132,379
|-
|[[Sloviansk]] Metropolitan Area
|132,301
|-
|[[Uzhhorod]] Metropolitan Area
|124,809
|}

=== United Kingdom ===
The [[United Kingdom]]'s [[Office for National Statistics]] defines "[[travel to work area]]s" as areas where "at least 75% of an area's resident workforce work in the area and at least 75% of the people who work in the area also live in the area".<ref>[http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/guide-method/geography/beginner-s-guide/other/travel-to-work-areas/index.html Beginners' guide to UK geography - Travel to Work Areas (TTWAs)] Office for National Statistics</ref> The [[European Union]]'s [[ESPON]] group has compiled a separate [[ESPON metropolitan areas in the United Kingdom|list of metropolitan areas]] which covers the UK. Industrial and housing growth in the United Kingdom during the 19th and early 20th centuries produced many conurbations. [[Greater London]] is by far the largest urban area and is usually counted as a conurbation in statistical terms, but differs from the others in the degree to which it is focused on a single central area. In the mid-1950s the [[Metropolitan Green Belt|Green Belt]] was introduced to stem the further urbanisation of the countryside in [[South East England]]. The list below shows the most populous urban areas in the UK as defined by the [[Office for National Statistics]] (ONS). Different organisations define conurbations in the UK differently for example, [[Liverpool–Manchester Megalopolis|the Liverpool–Manchester or the Manchester–Liverpool conurbation]] is defined as one conurbation by [[AESOP]] in a comparison report published by the [[University of Manchester]] in 2005 found here. The Liverpool–Manchester Conurbation has a population of 5.68 million. 

Urban population rate: 89% (2024).<ref name=":0" /> Metropolitan area population data are referred to 2024.<ref name=":1" />
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Name
!Population
|-
|[[Greater London Built-up Area|London Conurbation]]
|11,360,327
|-
|[[Manchester]]-[[Liverpool]] Conurbation
|4,876,538
|-
|[[Birmingham]] Conurbation
|2,617,211
|-
|[[Leeds]] Conurbation
|1,776,717
|-
|[[Glasgow]] Conurbation
|1,360,653
|-
|[[Sheffield]] Conurbation
|1,071,442
|-
|[[Newcastle upon Tyne]] Conutbation
|1,037,509
|-
|[[Bristol]] Metropolitan Area
|680,809
|-
|[[Nottingham]] Metropolitan Area
|650,703
|-
|[[Cardiff]] Metropolitan Area
|558,406
|-
|[[Edinburgh]] Metropolitan Area
|530,165
|-
|[[Leicester]] Metropolitan Area
|527,124
|-
|[[Portsmouth]] Metropolitan Area
|480,317
|-
|[[Brighton]] Metropolitan Area
|456,337
|-
|[[Coventry]] Metropolitan Area
|437,237
|-
|[[Belfast]] Metropolitan Area
|437,125
|-
|[[Bournemouth]] Metropolitan Area
|382,597
|-
|[[Southampton]] Metropolitan Area
|374,413
|-
|[[Middlesbrough]] Metropolitan Area
|351,680
|-
|[[Stoke-on-Trent|Stoke on Trent]] Metropolitan Area
|329,688
|-
|[[Kingston upon Hull]] Metropolitan Area
|321,006
|-
|[[Reading, Berkshire|Reading]] Metropolitan Area
|273,287
|-
|[[Derby]] Metropolitan Area
|271,899
|-
|[[Luton]] Metropolitan Area
|268,353
|-
|[[Southend-on-Sea|Southend on Sea]] Metropolitan Area
|265,744
|-
|[[Plymouth]] Metropolitan Area
|252,928
|-
|[[Gillingham, Kent|Gillingham]] Metropolitan Area
|247,682
|-
|[[Northampton]] Metropolitan Area
|219,781
|-
|[[Milton Keynes]] Metropolitan Area
|205,060
|-
|[[Aberdeen]] Metropolitan Area
|193,155
|-
|[[Swindon]] Metropolitan Area
|192,422
|-
|[[Peterborough]] Metropolitan Area
|189,937
|-
|[[Blackpool]] Metropolitan Area
|189,730
|-
|[[Norwich]] Metropolitan Area
|188,535
|-
|[[Ipswich]] Metropolitan Area
|171,226
|-
|[[Oxford]] Metropolitan Area
|168,021
|-
|[[Dundee]] Metropolitan Area
|158,327
|-
|[[York]] Metropolitan Area
|151,629
|-
|[[Swansea]] Metropolitan Area
|150,621
|-
|[[Gloucester]] Metropolitan Area
|145,718
|-
|[[Cambridge]] Metropolitan Area
|136,064
|-
|[[Telford]] Metropolitan Area
|135,270
|-
|[[Margate]] Metropolitan Area
|128,756
|-
|[[Grimsby]] Metropolitan Area
|126,609
|-
|[[Colchester]] Metropolitan Area 
|120,251
|-
|[[Polegate]] Metropolitan Area
|117,257
|-
|[[Cheltenham]] Metropolitan Area
|116,046
|-
|[[Lincoln, England|Lincoln]] Metropolitan Area
|115,775
|-
|[[Torquay]] Metropolitan Area
|111,323
|-
|[[Exeter]] Metropolitan Area
|110,292
|-
|[[Basingstoke]] Metropolitan Area
|109,911
|-
|[[Camberley]] Metropolitan Area
|108,988
|-
|[[High Wycombe]] Metropolitan Area
|108,858
|-
|[[Bedford]] Metropolitan Area
|107,556
|-
|[[Crawley]] Metropolitan Area
|106,964
|-
|[[Chelmsford]] Metropolitan Area
|106,499
|-
|[[Maidstone]] Metropolitan Area
|105,233
|-
|[[Basildon]] Metropolitan Area
|104,556
|-
|[[Worcester, England|Worcester]] Metropolitan Area
|101,123
|}