Editing History of Austria (section)

==== End of grand coalition and new constitution (1920–1933) ====
The grand coalition was dissolved on 10 June 1920, being replaced by a CS- SDAPÖ coalition under [[Michael Mayr]] as Chancellor (7 July 1920&nbsp;– 21 June 1921), necessitating [[1920 Austrian legislative election|new elections which were held on 17 October]], for what now became the [[National Council of Austria|National Council]], under the new [[Constitution of Austria|constitution]] of 1 October. This resulted in the Christian Social party now emerging as the strongest party, with 42% of the votes and subsequently forming Mayr's second government on 22 October as a CS minority government (with the support of the GDVP) without the Social Democrats. The CS were to continue in power until the end of the first republic, in various combinations of coalitions with the GDVP and [[Landbund]] (founded 1919).

The borders continued to be somewhat uncertain because of plebiscites in the tradition of Woodrow Wilson. Plebiscites in the regions of [[German Tyrol|Tyrol]] and [[Salzburg]] between 1919 and 1921 (Tyrol 24 April 1921, Salzburg 29 May 1921) yielded majorities of 98% and 99% in favour of unification with Germany, fearing that "rump" Austria was not economically viable. However such mergers were not possible under the treaty.

On 20 October 1920, a plebiscite in part of the Austrian state of [[Carinthia (state)|Carinthia]] was held in which the population chose to remain a part of Austria, rejecting the territorial claims of the [[Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes]] to the state. Mostly German-speaking parts of western Hungary was awarded to Austria as the new [[Provincies of Austria|province]] Burgenland in 1921, with the exception of the city of [[Sopron]] and adjacent territories, whose population decided in a referendum (which is sometimes considered by Austrians to have been rigged) to remain with Hungary. The area had been discussed as the site of a [[Czech Corridor|Slavic corridor]] uniting Czechoslovakia to Yugoslavia. This made Austria the only defeated country to acquire additional territory as part of border adjustments.

[[File:1P049-1919-1 Krone.jpg|thumb|left|Hyperinflation led to a change of currency from the old ''[[Austro-Hungarian krone|Krone]]'' (here marked as German-Austrian) to the new ''[[Austrian Schilling|Schilling]]'' in 1925]]
Despite the absence of reparations, Austria under the coalition suffered [[hyperinflation]] similar to that of Germany, destroying some of the financial assets of the middle and upper classes, and disrupting the economy. Adam Ferguson attributes hyperinflation to the existence of far too many people on the government payroll, failure to tax the working class, and numerous money losing government enterprises. The conservatives blamed the left for the hyperinflation; Ferguson blames policies associated with the left.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Ferguson|first=Adam|title=When Money Dies: Lessons from the Great German Hyperinflation of 1923|pages=56–62}}</ref> Massive riots ensued in Vienna in which the rioters demanded higher taxes on the rich and reduced subsidies to the poor. In response to the riots, the government increased taxes but failed to reduce subsidies.

The terms of the Treaty of Saint Germain were further underlined by the Geneva Protocols of the [[League of Nations]] (which Austria joined on 16 December 1920) on 4 October 1922 between Austria and the Allies. Austria was given a guarantee of sovereignty provided it did not unite with Germany over the following 20 years. Austria also received a loan of 650 million Goldkronen which was successful in halting hyperinflation, but required major restructuring of the Austrian economy. The Goldkrone was replaced by the more stable Schilling, but resulted in unemployment and new taxes, loss of social benefits and major attrition of the public service.<ref name="dow">{{Cite web |title=DöW - Documentation Center of Austrian Resistance |url=http://en.doew.braintrust.at/doew.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210921011845/http://en.doew.braintrust.at/doew.html |archive-date=21 September 2021 |access-date=14 August 2012 |website=en.doew.braintrust.at}}</ref>

The [[First World Congress of Jewish Women]] was held in Vienna in May 1923.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Frauen in Bewegung: 1848-1938 |url=http://www.fraueninbewegung.onb.ac.at/Pages/HistorischeEreignisseDetails.aspx?p_sYear=1923 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191227062927/http://www.fraueninbewegung.onb.ac.at/Pages/HistorischeEreignisseDetails.aspx?p_sYear=1923 |archive-date=27 December 2019 |access-date=19 November 2018 |publisher=Frauen in Bewegung |language=de}}</ref>