Editing York (section)

==Geography==
{{Further|Areas of York}}

===Location===
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible"
! Place
! Distance
! Direction
! Relation
|-
| [[London]]
| 280 km<ref>{{cite web|title=Distance from City of London to York|url=https://www.distancecalculator.net/from-city-of-london-to-york|access-date=20 July 2022|website=Distance Calculator|archive-date=20 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220720155206/https://www.distancecalculator.net/from-city-of-london-to-york|url-status=live}}</ref>
| South-east
| Capital
|-
| [[Lincoln, England|Lincoln]]
| 90 km<ref>{{cite web |title=Distance from York to Lincoln |url=https://www.distancecalculator.net/from-lincoln-2-to-york |access-date=20 July 2022 |website=Distance Calculator |archive-date=20 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220720155206/https://www.distancecalculator.net/from-lincoln-2-to-york |url-status=live}}</ref>
| South-east
| Next nearest historic [[county town]]
|-
| [[Middlesbrough]]
| 70 km<ref>{{cite web |title=Distance from York to Middlesbrough |url=https://www.distancecalculator.net/from-Middlesbrough-to-york |access-date=20 July 2022 |website=Distance Calculator |archive-date=20 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220720155207/https://www.distancecalculator.net/from-Middlesbrough-to-york |url-status=live}}</ref>
| North
| Largest place in the county
|-
| [[Ripon]]
| 35 km<ref>{{cite web |title=Distance from York to Ripon |url=https://www.distancecalculator.net/from-ripon-to-york |access-date=8 May 2022 |website=Distance Calculator |archive-date=12 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230112005256/https://www.distancecalculator.net/from-ripon-to-york |url-status=live}}</ref>
| North-west
| Next nearest city
|-
| [[Leeds]]
| 35 km<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.distancecalculator.net/from-Leeds-to-york|title=Distance from Leeds to York|access-date=8 May 2022|website=Distance Calculator|archive-date=26 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220726155223/https://www.distancecalculator.net/from-leeds-to-york|url-status=live}}</ref>
| South-west
| Next nearest city
|}
{{Geographic location
| Centre = York
| North = [[Helmsley]], [[Northallerton]], [[Middlesbrough]]
| Northeast = [[Malton, North Yorkshire|Malton]], [[Scarborough, North Yorkshire|Scarborough]]
| East = [[Pocklington]], [[Bridlington]]
| Southeast = [[Market Weighton]], [[Kingston upon Hull]]
| South = [[Selby]], [[Doncaster]]
| Southwest = [[Tadcaster]], [[Leeds]]
| West = [[Wetherby]], [[Knaresborough]], [[Harrogate]]
| Northwest = [[Ripon]], [[Masham]]
}}

York lies in the [[Vale of York]], a flat area of fertile arable land bordered by the [[Pennines]], the [[North York Moors]] and the [[Yorkshire Wolds]]. The city was built at the confluence of the Rivers Ouse and Foss on a terminal [[moraine]] left by the [[Last Glacial Period|last ice age]].<ref name="Hall-25">

{{cite book |last=Hall |first=Richard |title=English Heritage: Book of York |edition=1st |year=1996 |publisher=B.T.Batsford Ltd |isbn=0-7134-7720-2 |page=25}}</ref>

[[File:Tour boats on the River Ouse.jpg|thumb|Tour boats on the [[River Ouse, Yorkshire|Ouse]]|200x200px]]
[[File:River Foss (19380846674).jpg|thumb|The [[River Foss]]|200x200px]]

During Roman times, the land surrounding the Ouse and Foss was marshy, making the site easy to defend. The city is prone to flooding from the River Ouse, and has an extensive network of flood defences with walls along the river, and a liftable barrier across the Foss where it joins the Ouse at the "[[Bridges of York#The Blue Bridge|Blue Bridge]]". In October and November 2000, York experienced the worst flooding in 375 years; more than 300 homes were flooded.<ref name="dmcbflood">{{cite web |title=The impact of the October–November 2000 floods on contaminant metal dispersal in the River Swale catchment, North Yorkshire, UK |url=http://www.aber.ac.uk/iges/staff/Macklin%20files/HP%20Dennis%20et%20al.%202003.pdf |publisher=Wiley InterScience |year=2002 |last1=Dennis |first1=Ian A. |last2=Macklin |first2=Mark G. |last3=Coulthard |first3=Tom J. |last4=Brewer |first4 =Paul A. |page=1 |access-date=20 April 2019 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20071129111926/http://www.aber.ac.uk/iges/staff/Macklin%20files/HP%20Dennis%20et%20al.%202003.pdf |archive-date= 29 November 2007 |url-status=dead}}</ref> In December 2015, the flooding was more extensive and caused major disruption.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/york-floods-hundreds-evacuated-and-swathes-of-historic-city-underwater-as-rivers-reach-record-levels-a6787271.html|title=York floods: Hundreds evacuated and swathes of historic city underwater as rivers reach record levels|work=The Independent|date=27 December 2015|access-date=19 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160820215349/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/york-floods-hundreds-evacuated-and-swathes-of-historic-city-underwater-as-rivers-reach-record-levels-a6787271.html|archive-date=20 August 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> The extreme impact led to a personal visit by Prime Minister [[David Cameron]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/weather/12071198/UK-floods-York-Leeds-Manchester-live-updates.html|title=Storm Frank: Jeremy Corbyn explains why he has only just turned up in the North – 'I didn't want to get in the way' – live|work=The Telegraph|date=31 December 2015|access-date=19 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151228104411/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/weather/12071198/UK-floods-York-Leeds-Manchester-live-updates.html|archive-date=28 December 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> Much land in and around the city is on flood plains too flood-prone for development other than agriculture. The ''[[Clifton Ings|ings]]'' are flood meadows along the Ouse, while the ''[[Strays of York|strays]]'' are open common grassland in various locations around the city.

===Climate===
York has a [[Oceanic climate|temperate climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Cfb]]) with four distinct seasons. As with the rest of the Vale of York, the city's climate is drier and warmer than the rest of the [[Yorkshire and the Humber]] region. Owing to its lowland location, York is prone to frosts, fog, and cold winds during winter, spring, and very early summer.<ref>{{cite web|title=England Rural Development Programme: Appendix A3 – Yorkshire and The Humber Region – Section 1 Description Of Current Situation In The Yorkshire And The Humber Region|pages=2–3|url=http://www.hull.ac.uk/coastalobs/media/pdf/appendixa3.pdf|publisher=East Yorkshire Coastal Observatory|access-date=15 June 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606041951/http://www.hull.ac.uk/coastalobs/media/pdf/appendixa3.pdf|archive-date=6 June 2011|url-status=live}}</ref> Snow can fall in winter from December onwards to as late as April but quickly melts. As with much of the British Isles, the weather is changeable. York experiences most sunshine from May to July, an average of six hours per day.<ref>{{cite web|title=Average Conditions:York, United Kingdom|publisher=[[BBC Weather]]|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/weather/world/city_guides/results.shtml?tt=TT003820/|access-date=24 July 2008|archive-date=28 December 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081228232345/http://www.bbc.co.uk/weather/world/city_guides/results.shtml?tt=TT003820|url-status=dead}}</ref> With its inland location, summers are often warmer than the Yorkshire coast with temperatures of 27 °C or more. Extremes recorded at the University of York campus between 1998 and 2010 include a highest temperature of {{convert|34.5|C|F|abbr=on}}{{When|date=August 2022}} and a lowest temperature of {{convert|-16.3|C|F|abbr=on}} on 6 December 2010. The most rainfall in one day was {{convert|88.4|mm|in|1}}.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://weather.elec.york.ac.uk/ |title=Weather Pages |publisher=Department of Electronics, University of York |access-date=27 May 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511074316/http://weather.elec.york.ac.uk/ |archive-date=11 May 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref>

{{Weather box
| location = [[RAF Linton-on-Ouse]], 15 km north-west of York
| metric first = yes
| single line = yes
| Jan record high C = 16
| Feb record high C = 18
| Mar record high C = 22
| Apr record high C = 28
| May record high C = 30
| Jun record high C = 32
| Jul record high C = 40.2
| Aug record high C = 34
| Sep record high C = 32
| Oct record high C = 29
| Nov record high C = 20
| Dec record high C = 17
| year record high C = 40.2
| Jan high C = 7.0
| Feb high C = 7.5
| Mar high C = 10.0
| Apr high C = 13.0
| May high C = 16.6
| Jun high C = 19.5
| Jul high C = 22.0
| Aug high C = 22.0
| Sep high C = 18.4
| Oct high C = 13.9
| Nov high C = 9.7
| Dec high C = 7.0
| year high C = 14.0
| Jan low C = 2.0
| Feb low C = 1.0
| Mar low C = 2.4
| Apr low C = 4.0
| May low C = 6.7
| Jun low C = 9.7
| Jul low C = 11.8
| Aug low C = 11.6
| Sep low C = 9.5
| Oct low C = 7.0
| Nov low C = 4.0
| Dec low C = 2.0
| year low C = 6.0
| Jan record low C = -16
| Feb record low C = -10
| Mar record low C = -13
| Apr record low C = -3
| May record low C = 1
| Jun record low C = 2
| Jul record low C = 5
| Aug record low C = 5
| Sep record low C = -1
| Oct record low C = -4
| Nov record low C = -8
| Dec record low C = -16
| year record low C = -16
| precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation mm = 52.7
| Feb precipitation mm = 39.9
| Mar precipitation mm = 44.9
| Apr precipitation mm = 50.1
| May precipitation mm = 43.8
| Jun precipitation mm = 58.0
| Jul precipitation mm = 53.2
| Aug precipitation mm = 62.4
| Sep precipitation mm = 46.9
| Oct precipitation mm = 57.7
| Nov precipitation mm = 57.8
| Dec precipitation mm = 55.8
| year precipitation mm = 626.0
| Jan precipitation days = 11.1
| Feb precipitation days = 9.1
| Mar precipitation days = 9.5
| Apr precipitation days = 9.3
| May precipitation days = 9.1
| Jun precipitation days = 9.3
| Jul precipitation days = 8.9
| Aug precipitation days = 10.0
| Sep precipitation days = 8.6
| Oct precipitation days = 10.4
| Nov precipitation days = 11.3
| Dec precipitation days = 10.7
| year precipitation days = 117.2
| Jan sun = 40
| Feb sun = 60
| Mar sun = 100
| Apr sun = 141
| May sun = 190
| Jun sun = 220
| Jul sun = 230
| Aug sun = 205
| Sep sun = 156
| Oct sun = 105
| Nov sun = 65
| Dec sun = 47
| year sun = 1550
| source 2 = [[BBC Weather]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/weather/world/city_guides/results.shtml?tt=TT003820|title=Average Conditions – York, United Kingdom|publisher=BBC Weather|access-date=8 March 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100812014156/http://www.bbc.co.uk/weather/world/city_guides/results.shtml?tt=TT003820|archive-date=12 August 2010}}</ref>
| date = August 2010
| source = Met Office<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/public/weather/climate/gcx4zrw25|title=York climate|work=metoffice.gov.uk|access-date=29 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150325030939/http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/public/weather/climate/gcx4zrw25|archive-date=25 March 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>
| width = 100%
}}

===Green belt===
{{main|York Green Belt}}

York's urbanised areas are surrounded by a green belt that restricts development in the rural areas and parts of surrounding villages,<ref>{{cite web|last1=Fawcett|first1=Tony|title=Green Belts: A greener future – Campaign to Protect Rural England|url=http://www.cpre.org.uk/resources/housing-and-planning/green-belts/item/1956-green-belts-a-greener-future?highlight=WyJncmVlbmJlbHRzIiwiaW4iLCJlbmdsYW5kIiwiaW4gZW5nbGFuZCJd|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180627232227/http://www.cpre.org.uk/resources/housing-and-planning/green-belts/item/1956-green-belts-a-greener-future?highlight=WyJncmVlbmJlbHRzIiwiaW4iLCJlbmdsYW5kIiwiaW4gZW5nbGFuZCJd|archive-date=27 June 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> to preserve the setting and historic character of the city.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=City of York Council|title=City of York Council download – The Development Control Local Plan (2005) and proposals maps{{!}} Planning and building – Planning policy|url=https://www.york.gov.uk/downloads/file/3663/the_local_plan_2005_-_development_control_local_plan_full_document_and_appendicespdf|website=www.york.gov.uk|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128132450/https://www.york.gov.uk/downloads/file/3663/the_local_plan_2005_-_development_control_local_plan_full_document_and_appendicespdf|archive-date=28 January 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> The green belt surrounds nearly all of the city and its outer villages, extending out into North Yorkshire.