Editing Yacht (section)

==Sailing yachts==
[[File:Hunter 25 September Song 0878.jpg|thumb|Small sailing yacht with [[outboard motor]] in 2017]]
[[Sailing yacht]]s for ''cruising'' versus ''racing'' embody different tradeoffs between comfort and performance. Cruising yachts emphasize comfort over performance. Racing yachts are designed to compete against others in their class, while providing adequate comfort to their crews.

===Cruising===
Cruising yachts may be designed for near-shore use or for passage-making. They may also be raced, but they are designed and built with the comfort and amenities necessary for overnight voyages. Qualities considered in cruising yachts include: performance, comfort under way, ease of handling, stability, living comfort, durability, ease of maintenance, affordability of ownership.<ref name="RYA">{{Cite book|last1=Association|first1=Royal Yachting|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WmSbDwAAQBAJ&q=sailing+yacht+insurance+categories|title=RYA Offshore Sailing (E-G87)|last2=McClary|first2=Dick|date=2019-06-04|publisher=Royal Yachting Association|language=en}}</ref>

==== Categories ====
Cruising sailboats share the common attribute of providing overnight accommodations. They may be classified as ''small'' (easy to haul behind a trailer),<ref name="small">{{Cite book|last=Henkel|first=Steve|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eQt-0KvDJJkC&q=Cruising+sailboat|title=The Sailor's Book of Small Cruising Sailboats: Reviews and Comparisons of 360 Boats Under 26 Feet|date=2010-01-15|publisher=McGraw Hill Professional|isbn=978-0-07-173694-7|language=en}}</ref> ''near-shore''<ref name="definition" /> and ''off-shore''.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Committee|first=Cruising Club of America Technical|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pee1lKH4J4kC&q=Cruising+sailboat|title=Desirable and Undesirable Characteristics of Offshore Yachts|date=1987|publisher=W. W. Norton & Company|isbn=978-0-393-03311-3|language=en}}</ref> [[Multihull]] sailing yachts are a category, apart.<ref name="cruisingworld">{{Cite book|last=Judges panel|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7Mo9Kw2sX9sC&q=cruising+sailing+yacht&pg=PA147|title=Boats of the Year|date=March 1997|series=Cruising World|pages=90–100|language=en}}</ref>

*''Small yachts'' are typically shorter than {{Convert|33|ft|m|abbr=}} length overall.<ref name="cruisingworld" /> [[Trailer sailer]]s that are readily towed by a car are generally shorter than {{Convert|25|ft|m|abbr=}} length overall and weigh less than {{Convert|5,000|lb|kg|abbr=}}.<ref name="small" />
*''Near-shore yachts'' typically range in size from {{Convert|33-45|ft|m|abbr=}} length overall.<ref name="law" />
*''Offshore yachts'' typically exceed {{Convert|45|ft|m|abbr=}} length overall.<ref name="cruisingworld" />

==== Design ====
[[File:Catamaran de croisière Lagoon 560.JPG|thumb|Cruising ''catamaran'' in 2012]]
[[File:Dragonflyextended.jpg|thumb|Cruising ''trimaran'' with folding [[ama (sailing)|ama]]s in 2005]]
Design considerations for a cruising yacht include seaworthiness, performance, sea kindliness, and cost of construction, as follows:<ref name="RYA" />

* ''Seaworthiness'' addresses the integrity of the vessel and its ability to stay afloat and shelter its crew in the conditions encountered.
* ''Performance'' hinges on a number of factors, including the waterline length (longer means faster), drag in the water (narrower hull with smooth appendages), hull shape, and sail shape and area.
* ''Sea kindliness'' is an indicator of steering ease, directional stability and quelling of motion induced by wind and waves.

Multihulls offer tradeoffs as cruising sailboats, compared with [[monohull]]s. They may be catamarans or trimarans. They rely on form stability—having separate hulls far apart—for their resistance to capsize.<ref name="RYA" /> Their advantages include greater: stability, speed, (for catamarans) living space, and shallower draft. Their drawbacks include: greater expenses, greater [[windage]], more difficult tacking under sail, less load capacity, and more maneuvering room required because of their broad beam. They come with a variety of sleeping accommodations and (for catamarans) bridge-deck configurations.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Tarjan, Gregor.|title=Catamarans : the complete guide for cruising sailors|date=2008|publisher=International Marine|isbn=978-0-07-159622-0|location=Camden, Me.|oclc=233534126}}</ref>

==== Rigs ====
[[Gaff rig]]s have been uncommon in the construction of cruising boats, since the mid 20th century. More common rigs are [[Bermuda rig|Bermuda]], [[Fractional rig|fractional]], [[Cutter (boat)|cutter]], and [[ketch]]. Occasionally employed rigs since then have been the [[yawl]], schooner, [[Wishbone rig|wishbone]], [[catboat]].<ref name="offshore" />

==== Gear ====
Sailboats employ [[standing rigging]] to support the rig, [[running rigging]] to raise and adjust sails, cleats to secure lines, winches to work the sheets, and more than one anchor to secure the boat in harbor. A cruising yacht's deck usually has safety line to protect the crew from falling overboard and a bow pulpit to facilitate handling the jib and the anchor. In temperate climates, the cockpit may have a canvas windshield with see-through panels, called a "dodger". Steering may be either by tiller or wheel.<ref name="offshore" />

==== Engine ====
Cruising yachts have an auxiliary propulsion power unit to supplement the use of sails. Such [[Marine propulsion|power is inboard]] on the vessel and diesel, except for the smallest cruising boats, which may have an [[Outboard motor|outboard gasoline motor]]. A  {{Convert|31|ft|m|abbr=|adj=on}} sailboat might have a {{Convert|13|hp|kW|abbr=|adj=on}} engine,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://sailingmagazine.net/article-permalink-1464.html|title=Hunter 31|last=Liscio|first=David|date=May 5, 2014|website=Sailing Magazine|language=en|access-date=2020-04-22}}</ref> whereas a {{Convert|55|ft|m|abbr=|adj=on}} sailboat might have a {{Convert|110|hp|kW|abbr=|adj=on}} engine.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nautorswan.com/yachts/models/swan54/|title=Swan 54 Specification|website=Nautor|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-22}}</ref>

===Racing===
[[File:Comanche in the Rolex Transatlantic Race 2015 leaving Newport RI for Plymouth England--B.jpg|thumb|Racing yacht, ''Comanche'', beginning a 2015 transatlantic race]]
Racing yachts emphasize performance over comfort. [[World Sailing]] recognizes eleven classes of racing yacht.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sailing.org/classes/|title=Sailboat Classes & Equipment Index|last=Staff|website=sailing.org|language=en|access-date=2020-04-26}}</ref>

==== Design features ====
High-performance rigs provide aerodynamic efficiency and [[hydrodynamical]]ly efficient hulls minimize drag through the water and sideways motion.

Racing yachts have a wide selection of weights and shapes of sail to accommodate different wind strengths and points of sail. A suite of sails on a racing yachts would include several weights of [[jib]] and spinnaker, plus a specialized storm jib and [[trysail]] (in place of the [[mainsail]]). Performance yachts are likely to have full-battened kevlar or carbon-fiber mainsails.<ref name="manual" />

Underwater foils can become more specialized, starting with a higher-aspect ratio fin keel with hydrodynamically efficient bulbs for ballast.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Killing|first1=Steve|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GliCdk2exrgC&q=racing+yacht+design&pg=PT58|title=Yacht Design Explained: A Sailor's Guide to the Principles and Practice of Design|last2=Hunter|first2=Douglas|date=1998|publisher=W. W. Norton & Company|isbn=978-0-393-04646-5|language=en}}</ref> On some racing yachts, a [[canting keel]] shifts angle from side to side to promote sailing with less heeling angle (sideway tilt), while other underwater foils take care of [[leeway]] (sideways motion).<ref>{{Cite book|last=Slooff|first=J. W.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Cr-pCAAAQBAJ&q=canting+keel&pg=PA190|title=The Aero- and Hydromechanics of Keel Yachts|date=2015-04-25|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-3-319-13275-4|language=en}}</ref><ref name="manual" />