Editing Wolf (section)

=== Interactions with other predators ===

Wolves typically dominate other canid species in areas where they both occur. In North America, incidents of wolves killing coyotes are common, particularly in winter, when coyotes feed on wolf kills. Wolves may attack coyote den sites, digging out and killing their pups, though rarely eating them. There are no records of coyotes killing wolves, though coyotes may chase wolves if they outnumber them.{{sfn|Mech|Boitani|2003|pp=266–268}} According to a press release by the U.S. Department of Agriculture in 1921, the infamous [[Custer Wolf]] relied on coyotes to accompany him and warn him of danger. Though they fed from his kills, he never allowed them to approach him.<ref name=Merrit1921/> Interactions have been observed in Eurasia between wolves and golden jackals, the latter's numbers being comparatively small in areas with high wolf densities.{{sfn|Heptner|Naumov|1998|pp=164–270}}{{sfn|Mech|Boitani|2003|pp=266–268}}<ref name=Giannatos2004/> Wolves also kill [[Red fox|red]], [[Arctic fox|Arctic]] and [[corsac fox]]es, usually in disputes over carcasses, sometimes eating them.{{sfn|Heptner|Naumov|1998|pp=164–270}}{{sfn|Mech|Boitani|2003|p=269}}
[[File:Wolves bear ravens.png|thumb|350px|alt=Photograph of a wolf, a bear, coyotes and ravens competing over a kill|A wolf, a bear, coyotes and ravens compete over a kill]]

[[Brown bear]]s typically dominate wolf packs in disputes over carcasses, while wolf packs mostly prevail against bears when defending their den sites. Both species kill each other's young. Wolves eat the brown bears they kill, while brown bears seem to eat only young wolves.{{sfn|Mech|Boitani|2003|pp=261–263}} Wolf interactions with [[American black bear]]s are much rarer because of differences in habitat preferences. Wolves have been recorded on numerous occasions actively seeking out American black bears in their dens and killing them without eating them. Unlike brown bears, American black bears frequently lose against wolves in disputes over kills.{{sfn|Mech|Boitani|2003|pp=263–264}} Wolves also dominate and sometimes kill [[wolverine]]s, and will chase off those that attempt to scavenge from their kills. Wolverines escape from wolves in caves or up trees.{{sfn|Mech|Boitani|2003|p=266}}

Wolves may interact and compete with [[Felidae|felids]], such as the [[Eurasian lynx]], which may feed on smaller prey where wolves are present{{sfn|Mech|Boitani|2003|p=265}} and may be suppressed by large wolf populations.<ref name=Sunquist2002/> Wolves encounter [[cougar]]s along portions of the Rocky Mountains and adjacent mountain ranges. Wolves and cougars typically avoid encountering each other by hunting at different elevations for different prey ([[niche partitioning]]). This is more difficult during winter. Wolves in packs usually dominate cougars and can steal their kills or even kill them,{{sfn|Mech|Boitani|2003|pp=264–265}} while one-to-one encounters tend to be dominated by the cat, who likewise will kill wolves.<ref name=Jimenez2008/> Wolves more broadly affect cougar population dynamics and distribution by dominating territory and prey opportunities and disrupting the feline's behaviour.<ref name=Elbroch2015/> Wolf and [[Siberian tiger]] interactions are well-documented in the [[Russian Far East]], where tigers significantly depress wolf numbers, sometimes to the point of [[Local extinction|localized extinction]].<ref name=Miquelle2005/>{{sfn|Mech|Boitani|2003|p=265}}

In Israel, Palestine, Central Asia and India wolves may encounter [[striped hyena]]s, usually in disputes over carcasses. Striped hyenas feed extensively on wolf-killed carcasses in areas where the two species interact. One-to-one, hyenas dominate wolves, and may prey on them,<ref name=Monchot2010/> but wolf packs can drive off single or outnumbered hyenas.<ref name=Mills1998/><ref name=Nayak2015/> There is at least one case in Israel of a hyena associating and cooperating with a wolf pack.<ref name=Dinets2016/>